Serotonin Levels Drop in Long-COVID Patients, May Explain Brain Fog: New Study

Scientists have yet to uncover the mechanism that causes brain fog in long-COVID patients, but a new study may lead researchers one step closer to the answer.
Serotonin Levels Drop in Long-COVID Patients, May Explain Brain Fog: New Study
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An essential brain chemical responsible for carrying messages between nerve cells in the brain and throughout the body all but disappears in people with long COVID. The discovery may provide critical clues as to what causes one of the common neurological side effects of the post-COVID condition.

According to a new study published in the journal Cell, University of Pennsylvania researchers found the neurotransmitter serotonin is significantly reduced in patients with long COVID. Serotonin loss results in a slow erosion of memory, the hindered ability to concentrate, and mood changes like depression and anxiety—otherwise known as “brain fog.”

Pathophysiology of Brain Fog

By sampling blood and stool samples of people infected with COVID-19, researchers found that the virus lingers in the gastrointestinal tract for months after the acute infection clears. Testing blood and stool samples of these patients allowed the researchers to trace a possible mechanism for why brain fog persists. The results, they said, yielded a complex pathophysiological explanation.
Mary Gillis
Mary Gillis
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Mary Elizabeth Gillis is a health reporter and cardiopulmonary specialist with over a decade of experience. After graduating with her doctorate in applied physiology, she earned a master of science degree in journalism from Columbia University.
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