Melasma is a common skin condition that affects many people, triggered by factors such as blue light emitted from everyday devices like computers and smartphones. On the “Health 1+1” program, Yen-Da Chen, director of the Sincere Dermatology Clinic in Taiwan, shared valuable insights into the various causes of melasma and highlighted safe, effective treatment options.
Causes of Melasma
Melasma, also known as chloasma, present in various forms depending on its severity. Mild cases typically manifest as gray-brown pigmentation on both cheekbones with indistinct edges, Chen said. As additional triggering factors accumulate, more severe melasma may gradually develop, with pigmentation extending upward to the eye area and forehead, downward to the cheeks, and even around the nose and lips. This extensive discoloration can significantly impact one’s appearance.According to Chen, potential causes of melasma include the following:
- Genetic Predisposition: Melasma and other pigmentation disorders are particularly common among people of Asian descent.
- Gender: Women are more susceptible to melasma than men. Research has shown that female hormones are a significant risk factor, especially during periods of hormonal fluctuations such as pregnancy and menopause.
- UV Exposure: Ultraviolet rays are a major contributor to various types of pigmentation. Prolonged exposure to sunlight increases pigment production.
- Prolonged Blue Light Exposure: Blue light, which is part of the visible light spectrum and closely related to ultraviolet rays, has been found to stimulate melanogenesis (melanin production). Extended use of electronic devices like computers and smartphones exposes the skin to blue light, increasing melanin production and darkening the skin.
- Skin Aging: As the skin ages, melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) become less stable, making the skin more prone to melanin accumulation. This is why dark spots are more common in older adults.
- Stress and Hormonal Changes: Stress hormones can influence pigment production, making dark spots more noticeable. Maintaining a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress effectively can help reduce pigmentation over time.
- Skin Inflammation: Using inappropriate skin care products can cause skin inflammation, which may lead to pigmentation and trigger melasma. For example, products containing alcohol, fragrances, or essential oils that can irritate sensitive skin; skincare or makeup products containing ingredients that clog pores, such as heavy oils (e.g., coconut oil, cocoa butter), which may cause inflammation. Conditions like rosacea, which causes redness and visible blood vessels on the face, can also exacerbate skin inflammation, contributing to melasma if left unaddressed.
