The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting daily routines around the world. Overwhelmed hospitals, desolate schools, ghostly towns and self-isolation echo a campy horror flick, but an all too real one.
Companies are laying people off by the thousands, the service industry is teetering on the brink of collapse, and socialist ideas suddenly don’t sound so bad to an average citizen suddenly left dependent and isolated. According to a recent poll by the University of Southern California, around 40 percent of individuals feel anxiety about the pandemic, and more than half have been avoiding some or all other people.
As a psychologist who aims to understand the role of sleep in what makes us tick, I focus mostly on how the sleep-wake cycle impacts our day-to-day social lives. This makes me think of one thing we can do, especially for those of us at home. That is to sleep.
Sleep at the Dawn of COVID-19
This reversible state of disengagement with the world is one of the most important protective and restorative factors in human life. Slumber is essential for thinking clearly and staying upbeat during any time. Moreover, sleep is indispensable for maintaining the immunological function, which is key to preventing and recovering from infectious diseases like COVID-19. Losing sleep makes people more susceptible to viral infections, and it undermines recovery from the common cold as well as more serious conditions. For this lethally stealthy bug, it may be even more important.Unfortunately, it is exactly during times of social uncertainty and anxiety, when we need sleep the most, that it is most disrupted. Anxiety over the future and fear for the health of loved ones threaten calm nights and impinge on sleep by increasing hyper-arousal and rumination—reactions known to intensify insomnia. Isolation from regular social rhythms and natural light will further mess with our body clock, confusing us about when we are supposed to feel tired and when to perk up.
Most Americans are not meeting this crisis well-rested. Research we have conducted over the past few years using CDC data on hundreds of thousands of Americans suggests that the smartphone age has led to a substantial deterioration in both duration and quality of sleep. A case in point, a recent analysis that my team conducted suggests that over the past five years, millions more Americans report sleeping problems.
And the psychological toll is not too far away, but it will register most forcefully after the infection rates start to decline. Once the pandemic peaks and the physical damage to bodies start to wane, only then will the full consequences of this pandemic on our well-being be apparent. Inevitable increases in psychological complaints, suicide, and substance use disorders need to be anticipated and mitigated now. Recall that after the “Great Recession” of 2008–09 there were millions more people with health and psychological problems in both the United States and Europe.
So how to go about protecting our sleep? Besides the threats and challenges, this time actually provides hidden opportunities as well. When is the last time that the majority of any population stayed at home for days, often without the need to use alarm clocks?!
Besides connecting with those closest to us, many of us can sleep in and organize lives in ways that suit our biological ticker. Larks can go to bed earlier and owls can snooze in. Families can synchronize their meal and play routines in new ways, honoring the time of their internal clock (what chrono-biologists call the ‘circadian’ phase’). For most of our history, we slept in a shared pattern when our bodies told us too, and not on our own cycle and only when work allowed. This may be an unprecedented opportunity to embrace a basic human need to switch off on a regular basis and help our bodies fight the wars only those bodies know-how.
is a professor of psychology at Iowa State University. This article was first published on The Conversation.
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