A Doll’s House: Exceptional Miniatures in Museum Collections

Dollhouses elevated to art provide a captivating window into how affluent residences were once decorated and how people lived in them.
A Doll’s House: Exceptional Miniatures in Museum Collections
Dolls’ House of Petronella Oortman, circa 1686–1710. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Public Domain
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There is a fascinating history behind the evolution and purpose of dollhouses. These miniature structures date back to late 1500s Europe, with the earliest known versions from Bavaria. Their original intention was not as toys for children’s play but rather as a kind of “wunderkammer,” or cabinet of curiosity. A way for wealthy women to show off their prosperity and taste, the dollhouses were literally stored in cabinets.

In later centuries, dollhouses were promoted for use by young girls as a means to learn about household management skills that would help them when they became wives and mothers. Advancing methods of manufacture allowed for the increasing mass production of dollhouses in a range of styles, scales, and prices. However, extraordinarily intricate and sophisticated examples continued to be made solely as works of art. Dollhouses elevated to this category provide a captivating window into how affluent residences were once decorated and how people lived in them.

Dolls’ House of Petronella Oortman

One of the most significant historic dollhouses is preserved today in the Rijksmuseum, the national museum of the Netherlands. Its original owner, Petronella Oortman, was the wife of a wealthy Dutch silk merchant. She assembled the dollhouse between 1686 and 1710, spending a total of 30,000 florins, which would have been the same cost as an actual canal house in Amsterdam. Devoting both time and funds to assembling her dollhouse, Oortman also had it preserved on canvas by commissioning a painting from Jacob Appel in 1710.
Michelle Plastrik
Michelle Plastrik
Author
Michelle Plastrik is an art adviser living in New York City. She writes on a range of topics, including art history, the art market, museums, art fairs, and special exhibitions.
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