The recipe couldn’t be any more straightforward: one ounce each of gin, Campari, and sweet vermouth. With the ingredients being strictly forms of alcohol (no juices), it need only be poured over ice and stirred, not shaken. Garnish with a slice of orange.
Its origins, however, are not quite so clear, nor are they well-documented. But the common story is that in 1919 at the Caffè Casoni in Florence, Count Camillo Negroni asked for an Americano—Campari, vermouth, soda, and a lemon slice—but with a little more of a kick. So the bartender swapped in gin for the soda, orange for the lemon, and his client’s surname for the new cocktail’s moniker.