Spending time outdoors, taking time out to surround yourself with greenery and living things, can be one of life’s great joys—and recent research suggests it’s also good for your brain and body.
Scientists have found that spending two hours a week in nature is linked to better health and well-being. It’s maybe not entirely surprising then that some patients are increasingly being prescribed time in nature and community gardening projects as part of “green prescriptions” by the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS). In Shetland, for example, islanders with depression and anxiety may be given “nature prescriptions,” with doctors there recommending walks and activities that allow people to connect with the outdoors.
Social prescriptions—nonmedical treatments which have health benefits—are already used across the NHS to tackle anxiety, loneliness, and depression. They often involve the referral of patients to a community or voluntary organization, where they can carry out activities which help to meet their social and emotional needs, and doctors are increasingly opting for community gardening—as this also has the added benefit of involving time spent in nature—even in highly built-up areas.
And the evidence base for such treatments is growing, with research indicating that social prescribing can help to improve patient’s anxiety levels and general health. Findings also seem to suggest that social prescribing schemes can lead to a reduction in the use of NHS services.
The Benefits of Gardening
Research shows that gardening can directly improve people’s well-being. And that taking part in community gardening can also encourage people to adopt healthier behaviors. It may be, for example, that neighborhood projects can be reached on foot or by bicycle—prompting people to take up more active transport options in their daily lives. Eating the produce from a community garden may also help people to form the habit of eating fresh, locally grown food.
Growing food is often the driving force behind community gardening projects, whether purely for the consumption of the gardeners or for local distribution or sale. Unlike growing on individual allotments or private gardens, community gardening requires an element of cooperation and collective planning. Working together toward shared goals can create a real sense of community. And in a garden, a feeling of connection may develop, not just with other people, but with the living world as a whole.
Gardens also play a significant role in conserving biodiversity, by developing wildlife pockets and corridors across towns and cities—an idea encouraged by the Royal Society for the Protection of Bird’s Giving Nature a Home program. The inclusion of even a small pond in a garden can provide a home for important species such as amphibians. Their vegetation captures carbon and can improve air quality. Tree and shrub roots in the soil absorb water, reducing flood risk.
So because people’s relationships with the living world affect their behaviors toward it, taking part in community gardening could also make people old and young more environmentally conscious and responsible. By connecting people to nature, it may be that community gardens can also help to transform society—allowing towns and cities to move toward more sustainable futures.
Community Connections
This process of using plants and gardens to improve health is known as social and therapeutic horticulture. On top of promoting physical and mental health benefits, social and therapeutic horticulture has also been shown to help improve people’s communication and thinking skills.
At Hull University’s Centre for Systems Studies we want to understand more about the ways community gardening can boost well-being for people, societies, and the living world. So we are working with the Rainbow Community Garden in Hull, which also has links with local schools, social services, mental health teams, and veteran’s association, to observe activities and interactions over the course of a year. We are also interviewing staff and volunteers about their experiences, looking at how people’s well-being changes as they participate in the project.
Although no one intervention is right for everyone, community gardens do have wide appeal and potential. But such projects tend to be run by charitable organizations—often relying on grant funding to employ staff and provide equipment. And at a time when funding gaps mean that local councils are struggling to preserve public parks and gardens, it seems that despite all the positives that can be gained by such spaces, the future of many community gardening groups could be uncertain.
This would clearly be a significant loss, as individual well-being, societal well-being, and the living world are all inextricably linked. John Donne was correct when he said that “no man is an island.” Community gardens can bring together diverse groups of people and it’s possible to make these spaces widely inclusive and accessible. Raised beds and paved pathways, for example, can improve access for wheelchair users, while a complex sensory experience can be created using scents and sounds as well as visual stimuli. We hope that our research will help to highlight the importance of these places and the many benefits they can bring for people, society and the living world.
holds a master’s in conservation medicine and is a doctoral student in systems science at the University of Hull in the UK. This article was first published on The Conversation.
