How Your Retirement Benefit Is Calculated

Social Security retirement benefit is a percentage of your average monthly income using your highest 35 years of inflation-adjusted earnings.
How Your Retirement Benefit Is Calculated
There is a different adjustment factor for each year of earnings, and each year's adjustment factor is different based on your year of birth.iJeab/Shutterstock
Tom Margenau
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Q: Even though I’m not on Social Security, I’ve been reading your column for years. A while back, I clipped out a column you wrote explaining how benefits are figured. And now that I’m getting ready to file for benefits, I can’t find that column. Can you please reprint it? And I also have a question. I do recall that you said a benefit is based on your highest 35 years of earnings. But I saw something on the Social Security Administration website that said it’s a 40-year base. Have the rules changed?
A: I checked my past columns, and it’s been about a year since I explained how Social Security retirement benefits are figured. So, I guess it’s about time I do it again. And I'll also explain why I’m right when I say it’s a 35-year base of earnings, and how the SSA website also is right when they say a 40-year base!
Tom Margenau
Tom Margenau
Author
Tom Margenau worked for 32 years in a variety of positions for the Social Security Administration before retiring in 2005. He has served as the director of SSA’s public information office, the chief editor of more than 100 SSA publications, a deputy press officer and spokesman, and a speechwriter for the commissioner of Social Security. For 12 years, he also wrote Social Security columns for local newspapers, and recently published the book “Social Security: Simple and Smart.” If you have a Social Security question, contact him at [email protected]
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