How Thomas Edison’s Imagination Reinvented Sight and Sound

How Thomas Edison’s Imagination Reinvented Sight and Sound
Thomas A. Edison (1847-1931), in his Menlo Park, New Jersey research laboratory. Ca. 1880. Everett Collection/Shutterstock
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“I have got so much to do and life is so short, I am going to hustle,” 21-year-old Thomas Edison said. Hustle he did, at the end of his life holding 1,093 patents. As an inventor, Edison worked brutally long hours before lying down wherever he could to catch a few hours of sleep. From his younger days as a telegraph operator to his elderly ones experimenting with plants and rubber, Edison remained a flurry of ideas and energy.

The most famous of his inventions is his light bulb, the first to burn long enough for practical, commercial use. While the public was amazed by these bright lights that burned for hours, Edison astounded many through some of his lesser-known inventions, capturing sound and motion in ways most people had never dreamed of.

The Phonograph

“Of all the children of his brain, the phonograph seems to be the one he loves most,” William Meadowcroft, Edison’s personal assistant, said. The phonograph was the first machine to record and play back sound. While working on a machine to record telegraph messages in 1877, Edison wondered if a machine could be designed to record the human voice. After some experimentation, Edison sketched a device with two needles, one for recording sound on a rotating cylinder covered in tinfoil and one for playing the indentations back. His mechanic, John Kruesi, quickly built the machine. When Edison spoke “Mary Had a Little Lamb” into the mouthpiece, the machine promptly played the nursery rhyme back to him.