Smartphones, tablets, and video consoles can be addictive. They also interfere with sleep. They draw kids into an alternate universe, often distracting them from more productive—and healthier—real-world activities. And they are linked to anxiety and depression, learning disabilities, and obesity.
That’s according to a growing body of research emphasizing the physical and psychological dangers of heavy screen use.
“Nobody should spend eight or nine hours doing anything except sleeping and working,” said Dr. Sina Safahieh, medical director of ASPIRE, the teen mental health program run by Hoag Hospital in Orange County, California.
Yet for many teenagers, mine included, mobile phones and social media are also indispensable tools for planning their social lives, keeping up with schoolwork, and staying in touch with out-of-town friends and relatives.
I recently talked to Samantha Dunn, a former journalism colleague, who spoke glowingly about her 10-year-old son’s use of digital technology in the pursuit of knowledge. Her son, Ben, became curious about the American Revolution and the British Empire after listening to the soundtrack to the musical “Hamilton,” and he used his mother’s smartphone to research them intensively.
Ben’s fascination with the Marquis de Lafayette, the French nobleman and major general who helped win the U.S. Revolutionary War, motivated him to learn French. So, he downloaded the language-learning app Duolingo and got busy.
“I genuinely think he has learned a love of languages,” Dunn said.
But she said she and her husband, Jimmy Camp, are embroiled in an ongoing battle with Ben because they won’t let him get Fortnite, a popular video game that involves a lot of killing, but also serves as an online venue for friends to talk about what’s going on in their lives.
“We said ‘no,’ and it was like, oh my god, we had ended his life,” Dunn said.
How can parents optimize the constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its pernicious effects?
The key is helping kids use technology as a tool, not a toy, “where there’s some purpose other than the medication of boredom,” according to Jim Taylor, a psychologist and author of the book “Raising Generation Tech: Preparing Your Children for a Media-Fueled World.”
Taylor, along with many other medical and mental health professionals, advises parents to set limits and stick to them. They should restrict the amount of time their kids spend on devices, create tech-free zones—no cellphones in their bedrooms, for example—and tech-free times, such as at the dinner table, in restaurants, and on family outings.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding almost all digital media use for kids under 2 and limiting it to one hour of “high-quality programming” for children between the ages 2 and 5, with a parent involved.
Such programming can improve young children’s learning, literacy, and social skills, the academy states.
The academy also recommends no screen time within an hour of bedtime, and advises parents to establish a personalized family plan that sets age-appropriate guidelines for the type of digital media allowed and the amount of time kids can spend on it.
Rachael Wells, a 42-year-old mother of four in Folsom, California, said she and her husband, Carter, worry about cellphone addiction with their 12- and 14-year-old daughters, Beckham and Courtlyn.
“We have all kinds of rules,” Wells said.
The girls can’t have their phones in their bedrooms, when they are in the car with their mom, or at the table. And no phones in the morning until they are ready for school, all their chores are done, and all the dishes are put away.
“Eventually, we give in and they can get on their phones, but they have to earn it,” Wells said.
Wells and her husband have an app on their phones called OurPact that allows them to control their daughters’ devices remotely. They use it to shut off all apps at 8:30 p.m.
Rachael Wells, a mother of four in Folsom, Calif., says she and her husband, Carter, have “all kinds of rules” to manage their children’s screen time. For one thing, they remotely shut off all the apps on their older daughters’ cellphones at 8:30 p.m. The Wells family (from left): Beckham, Jobiah, Carter, Rachael, Londyn, and Courtlyn.There are numerous apps to help you monitor your kids’ online activity, shut down cellphone apps at certain times of the day, track online searches, block content you don’t want your kids to see, and alert you to online predators, sexting, and cyberbullying.
Common Sense Media publishes a guide to parental control apps and numerous tech and consumer websites offer reviews of such apps.
Most medical and mental health professionals suggest that if you want to foster a healthy relationship between your children and their screens, you should regularly plan activities for them that don’t involve screens. It might be as simple as talking or reading to them, but sporting events, trips to a park or museum, or regular family nights out are also good alternatives.
Perhaps the best thing you can do is serve as a good role model by exhibiting the same online behavior you expect of your children, said Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford University psychiatrist and author of the book “Virtually You: The Dangerous Powers of the E-Personality.”
“If parents are breaking their own rules,” Aboujaoude said, “kids cannot be expected to behave differently.”
And by behaving the way they want their kids to, parents might be helping themselves, too. As Aboujaoude noted, adults have felt “deceptively immune” to the ills associated with digital media. “They are not.”
Chad Landgraf, 44, of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, told me he was worried about how detached his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter became when they were on their devices. So, hoping to set an example, he switched to old-fashioned print from e-books.
“When I had my Kindle or iPad open, they didn’t know if I was reading or surfing the ’net,” Landgraf said. “But at least if I have a paper copy of a book, they know I am reading. Modeling seems like the easiest way. Monkey see, monkey do.”
Bernard J. Wolfson is the managing editor for California Healthline and served most recently as business editor of the Orange County Register. This article was first published on Kaiser Health News.
