Day Care Moves Can Be Tough on Kids

Day Care Moves Can Be Tough on Kids
A history of changes in child care across settings negatively impacts children's lives, says Mary Bratsch-Hines. "However, we have to recognize that changing child care settings and providers may be inevitable for a majority of families." THOR, CC BY 2.0
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A study of more than 1,300 young children finds that shifting from one day care setting to another can have a negative effect on a child’s ability to make social connections by the time they’re in kindergarten.

However, the researchers found no evidence that a change in teachers has any lasting negative effects.

“Our findings showed that when young children moved between child care settings, these transitions negatively affected their social adjustment,” says Mary Bratsch-Hines, investigator with the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

“But when children had a history of changing caregivers within the same setting, we found no significant effects.”

Previous research has shown that forming stable and secure early relationships with parents and caregivers serves as a working model for children as they form social connections later.

“It follows that higher levels of instability and disruption in establishing strong relationships with caregivers during children’s earliest years could lead to difficulties forming trusting relationships down the road,” Bratsch-Hines says. “However, we have to recognize that changing child care settings and providers may be inevitable for a majority of families.”

Ups and downs in income, availability of transportation, secure employment, and other factors can result in children moving into and out of different child care settings.  But understanding the effects of such transitions on children has remained elusive.

Teacher Turnover

A new study, published in Early Childhood Research Quarterly, takes a comprehensive look at the impact of child care by examining the experiences of nearly 1,300 young children living in high-poverty rural areas, focusing on changes in child care both within and across settings—an approach few prior studies have attempted.

“In our study, we also included infants and toddlers even if they were enrolled intermittently in child care that their parents did not provide,” Bratsch-Hines says. “Previous studies have included only those children who continuously received child care from people other than their parents.”

A rigorous accounting of numerous child, family, and child care characteristics, shows that a history of changes in child care across settings negatively impacts children’s lives.

Not unexpectedly, children who experienced more changes in child care settings received lower ratings from their pre-kindergarten teachers on social adjustment.
Bratsch-Hine
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