2015 has been a dramatic year in elections around the world: old leaders were toppled, upstarts and novices seized the helm, and embattled governments somehow managed to cling on. Here, the experts who covered them take stock of what’s happened—and look at what’s in store for 2016.

Polarization has been a problem for Turkey for a long time. But now, the division between the ruling party’s supporters and its rivals is one of the country’s biggest fissures.