The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir on March 4 for war crimes in Darfur.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) arrest warrant accuses Bashir of coordinating the design and implementation of a counter-insurgency campaign against southern Sudanese in Darfur. Seven crimes are listed: crimes against humanity: murder, extermination, forcible transfer, torture and rape. The war crimes are: intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population and pillaging.
Since the international court in The Hague has no enforcement authority, it depends on cooperation of friendly states to arrest Bashir. If Bashir fails to cooperate with the arrest warrant—as he said he would—the ICC can turn to the U.N. Security Council to deal with it.
The Darfur genocide started in 2003 during the clashes between the Sudanese government and secessionist rebel forces. The Sudanese army and the Janjaweed militia started to attack civilians. This clash was not between Muslims and Christians as previous clashes, but between Muslims of Arabic ethnicity and Muslims of African ethnicity. According to estimations 450,000 have died in the current genocide and 2.5 million have been displaced.
President Bashir is the first head of sitting state against whom an arrest warrant has been issued. The last few years has seen an increasing number of trials against former dictators, accused for crimes against humanity.
Crimes of Other Heads of State
In July 2008 Radovan Karadzic was arrested in Belgrade and accused of war crimes and genocide, being held responsible among other things to slaughter of 8000 Muslims in Srebenica. Slobodan Milosevic died in a U.N. war crimes tribunal’s detention center in 2006 after being arrested and charged with crimes against humanity in Kosovo. Both were brought to justice before the International Criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague.
