The Stoic’s Guide to Life: Ancient Wisdom for Modern Struggles

One of the main themes of Stoic philosophy is distinguishing between external factors that one can’t control and internal factors that one can.
The Stoic’s Guide to Life: Ancient Wisdom for Modern Struggles
A man sits on the edge of Areopagus hill opposite the ancient Acropolis hill in Athens on November 21, 2025. Aggelos NAKKAS/AFP via Getty Images
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Epictetus, a Greek Stoic philosopher who flourished during the early second century, said the chief task in life is to separate what is within one’s control from what is not.

“Externals are not in my power; will is in my power,” the famed Stoic said, according to a series of teachings compiled by his student Arrian and known as “The Discourses.” “Where shall I seek the good and the bad? Within, in the things which are my own.”