Dutton Calls China the Top Security Threat as Albanese Urges Diplomacy

Peter Dutton brands China as Australia’s top security threat, while Anthony Albanese strikes a cautious tone, citing complex trade and regional ties.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese (L) and Opposition Leader Peter Dutton shake hands ahead of the second leaders' debate of the 2025 federal election campaign at the ABC Studios in Parramatta, Sydney, Australia, on April 16, 2025. AAP Image/Pool

With less than a week until the polls, China has entered the Australian election debate.

Opposition leader Peter Dutton called China the biggest threat to Australia’s national security during the final leadership debate on April 27.

“If you were to believe the intelligence that I received as defence minister and as the leader of the opposition, and no doubt that the prime minister receives as well, the biggest concern [comes] from our intelligence agencies and our defence,” Dutton said in connection to China.

When confronted with his views on the subject, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese took a more diplomatic line.

“China seeks to increase its influence in the region,” he said, adding that the relationship with China is complex because it is “our major trading partner.”

When pressed repeatedly to directly name China as the biggest threat, Albanese said, “I’m the prime minister of a country, and how you deal as prime minister is diplomatically, and that is what we continue to do.”

Albanese cited the recent Papua New Guinea NRL deal as a key step by his government to address the situation. Under the deal, Australia will provide $600 million over a decade to help establish the team.

In return, Papua New Guinea will sign a “parallel” agreement on “strategic trust” aimed at preventing Beijing from securing a major security presence in the country.

Australia-China Stability Tested

Australia’s relationship with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) saw cautious stabilisation in 2024, building on the thaw that began after Albanese’s Labor government took office in 2022.

A breakthrough came when Beijing lifted its trade ban on live rock lobsters, ending a key pillar of its earlier campaign of economic coercion.

Anti-dumping tariffs on Australian wine were also removed, beef exports resumed with the lifting of restrictions on two meat processors, and Canberra ended its anti-dumping measures on Chinese sinks.

Travel links also improved, with Beijing expanding visa-free access for Australians from 15 to 30 days.

Diplomatic activity and high-level meetings resumed, with Foreign Ministers Penny Wong and Wang Yi holding multiple rounds of talks, Premier Li Qiang visiting Australia, and Treasurer Jim Chalmers travelling to Beijing.

Yet tensions lurked just beneath the surface. The sentencing of Australian pro-democracy writer Yang Jun to death with a two-year reprieve drew condemnation from Canberra.

Australian intelligence agencies warned of rising espionage and foreign interference, culminating in the first local conviction under foreign interference laws.

Cybersecurity remained a battleground, with Australia joining allies in exposing CCP-linked hacking operations.

Military tensions also flared when a Chinese fighter jet dangerously deployed flares near an Australian navy helicopter in the Yellow Sea. Through it all, CCP state media kept up its propaganda on AUKUS, the Quad, and Australia’s growing military ties with the United States.