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(L-R) Pakistan Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, Uzbekistan Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov, Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, Kazakhstan Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu, Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang, Kyrgyzstan Foreign Minister Jeenbek Kulubaev, and Tajikistan Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Aslov posing on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Foreign Ministers' meeting in Benaulim, India, on May 5, 2023. Indian Ministry of External Affairs/AFP via Getty Images
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is expanding by absorbing pariah states, such as Iran, Burma (also known as Myanmar), and Belarus, while increasing the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) military and economic reach around the globe.
Antonio Graceffo, Ph.D., is a China economy analyst who has spent more than 20 years in Asia. Graceffo is a graduate of the Shanghai University of Sport, holds an MBA from Shanghai Jiaotong University, and studied national security at American Military University.
