Commentary
The European Union is planning a rare-earth element stockpile, mining, and refinement strategy. The plan is to use import substitution to counter China’s rare-earth export controls on seven rare-earth elements imposed in April.

The European Union is planning a rare-earth element stockpile, mining, and refinement strategy. The plan is to use import substitution to counter China’s rare-earth export controls on seven rare-earth elements imposed in April.