It comes as the administration has been pushing for substantive reforms to the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, also known as the USMCA, and opted not to renew the deal beyond 2036 earlier this month.
Here is what to know about Trump’s 50 percent tariff on America’s neighbor to the north.
Inside the New Tariffs
The president signed three orders that will impose a 50 percent levy on almost $20 billion in Canadian goods, covering hundreds of products.
This will represent about 0.5 percent of goods exports to the United States, and about 0.8 percent of Canadian GDP.
It will be enforced under Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930, which permits tariffs of up to 50 percent on imports from countries that discriminate against the United States.
This would be in addition to the current 10 percent blanket tariff on all goods from Canada, and USMCA-compliant goods would not be exempt.
Some of the items that will face higher import duties include natural honey, vinyl tile floor coverings, sandblasting machines, and ice skates.
They are set to take effect at 12:01 a.m. ET on Aug. 19.
Canadian exports of crude oil, critical minerals, and potash are exempted from the tariff. Motor vehicles and auto parts are also omitted from the list of levies.
Washington has maintained various active tariffs, ranging from 15 to 50 percent on Canadian aluminum, copper, softwood lumber, and steel.
The president said smoke from Canada had cost the United States billions of dollars over the years, and the “cost of this pollution must of necessity be added to the tariffs Canada is currently paying.”
Canadian Policies
These levies are in response to actions taken by the federal government and several provinces, according to Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.
“Canada has taken U.S. alcohol products off Canadian shelves, given better market access to dairy products from the European Union, and has put a cap on U.S. vehicle exports to Canada from companies reshoring to the United States,” Greer said in a statement.
Shortly after Trump unveiled the contours of his sweeping tariff agenda in April 2025, Canada was one of two nations—the other being China—to retaliate.
Ottawa implemented a 25 percent counter-tariff on non-USMCA-compliant aluminum, steel, and vehicles imported from the United States.
In several Canadian provinces, excluding Alberta and Saskatchewan, U.S. liquor sales were prohibited.
In total, Canadian imports of American alcohol declined by 81 percent, from approximately $718 million to approximately $137 million, the White House said.
Canada’s supply management system, which implements limits on foreign imports, has been a source of contention for the U.S. administration.
Under this structure, foreign imports that exceed Ottawa’s caps are charged a tariff of up to 300 percent.
But the United States argues that Canada “treats the commerce of certain foreign countries more favorably than commerce of the United States with respect to dairy.”
“Specifically, Canada denies the commerce of the United States benefits that Canada affords to materially similar dairy commerce from certain other foreign countries and thus unreasonably burdens and disadvantages U.S. commerce compared to the commerce of certain other foreign countries,” Trump’s proclamation stated.
‘Firm but Moderate’
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney slammed the new tariff as being in “direct violation” of the trilateral trade pact.
“This trade dispute has raised costs for families, particularly in the United States,” Carney said in a statement shared on X.
“Canada stands ready to engage intensively to address outstanding issues with the United States to the mutual benefit of our citizens.”
Ottawa has regularly drafted proposals to update the USMCA over the past 18 months, the prime minister added.
Greer pushed back against the “firm but moderate” letter, noting that Canada likes to talk but “not actually change things.”
“The proposals are generally for promises to discuss these issues, which we’re already doing, not to actually change these things.”
Ontario Premier Doug Ford, writing on X, said Canada will not “roll over.”
“As premiers assemble in PEI this week, Team Canada is coming together, and there’s never been a better time to do so. Together, we’ll stand united. We’ll never back down. We’ll never roll over,” he said in a statement posted on X.
Given the timing, this could be a negotiating tactic, said David-Alexandre Brassard, chief economist at Charter Professional Accountants Canada.
“It may be tempting to respond with dollar-for-dollar retaliation, but that approach produced little progress earlier this year,” Brassard said in a statement to The Epoch Times. “There are few meaningful options when it comes to dairy, while alcohol-related responses are largely a provincial matter.”
“This latest threat underscores the importance of advancing trade negotiations and will certainly dominate discussions at this week’s premiers’ meeting.”
U.S. officials were scheduled to meet in Mexico City on July 21 for a third round of bilateral talks tied to the broader USMCA review, with both delegations zeroing in on a handful of contentious issues—steel and aluminum, agriculture, digital payments, and labor—as they work to narrow gaps.
Economic Impact
Despite the 50 percent figure, most imports continue to be tariff-free, according to economists at the National Bank of Canada.
“While a 50% tariff is severe, it would apply to only ~5% of U.S. imports from Canada. With 85% of Canada-U.S. trade registered under the USMCA over the last year, most imports would remain tariff-free even if these Section 338 levies are implemented,” they wrote.
“So, despite the jarring 50% figure, Canada’s overall tariff rate would rise modestly, from ~5% to just over ~7.5%.”
The latest trade actions will not harm the United States much, but they will adversely affect the Canadian economy, said Robert Kavcic, senior economist at BMO Economics.
“This, unfortunately, would come at a time when the Canadian economy is showing signs of breaking out of its slump and returning to decent growth into 2027,” Kavcic said in a July 21 research note.
Canada is currently in a technical recession—back-to-back quarters of negative GDP growth—and faces elevated inflation and an unemployment rate of almost 7 percent.
Monthly data suggest Canada will likely exit the recession in the second quarter.
But scores of market watchers have revised their growth forecasts lower for the rest of the year.
“Our overall view is that while Canada is in a technical recession, the economy still looks more stalled than broken,” Ashish Dewan, senior investment strategist at Vanguard Investments Canada, said in a July 3 note.
Vanguard now expects 2026 growth to come in at 1.5 percent, with 1.6 percent next year.
