UK Launches New Nuclear Push to Boost Energy Security

The proposed reform follows a government review that found the UK’s nuclear regulatory system was overly complex and slowed investment.

A nuclear reactor being built at the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station in south-west England, on April 27, 2023. Daniel Leal/AFP via Getty Images

The UK has moved to accelerate a major expansion of nuclear energy, unveiling plans to overhaul regulation and speed up project approvals.

The Labour government on May 13 proposed the Nuclear Regulation Bill, which it said would modernize an overly bureaucratic regulatory system that has slowed new nuclear development across the UK.

Unveiled in the King’s Speech 2026, the legislative agenda for the year, the measures include streamlined approvals for large nuclear projects such as Sizewell C in Suffolk and Hinkley Point C in Somerset.

The bill would also introduce measures to support small modular reactors at Wylfa in North Wales.

The proposed Nuclear Regulation Bill forms part of Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s broader energy strategy to boost domestic electricity generation and lower exposure to volatile global gas markets.

“Nuclear power is safe, reliable, and clean,” the government said in the King’s Speech background briefing notes. “A more secure supply of homegrown power helps reduce exposure to the fossil fuel rollercoaster and is essential for stability in our electricity grid.”

The legislation would implement recommendations from the Nuclear Regulatory Review 2025. The review concluded that the UK’s nuclear approval process had become excessively complex and contributed to some of the highest nuclear construction costs in the world.

UK officials accepted all 47 recommendations from the review in principle and committed in March 2026 to implementing them by the end of 2027.

Shift to Nuclear

The legislation was proposed as the UK attempts to strengthen energy resilience following several years of market instability linked to the war in Ukraine, disruptions in global shipping routes, and rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.

It also builds on a nuclear cooperation agreement signed between the UK and the United States in September 2025.

U.S. President Donald Trump shakes hands with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer (L) at Trump Turnberry golf club in Turnberry, Scotland, on July 28, 2025. Christopher Furlong/Getty Images

The agreement, known as the Atlantic Partnership for Advanced Nuclear Energy, expanded cooperation on advanced reactors, investment, and nuclear supply chains.

UK officials said at the time that the deal would support the construction of new nuclear projects and increase market access for both UK and American nuclear companies.

While the King’s Speech focused on legislation and regulatory restructuring inside the UK, the earlier UK–U.S. agreement established the international investment and technology partnerships needed to support that expansion.

Interest in nuclear power has also been rising in the United States, where technology companies such as Microsoft, Amazon, and Google have signed long-term agreements to secure nuclear energy supplies for power-hungry data centers.

France approved legislation in February expanding its nuclear program with plans to construct six new EPR2 reactors and potentially eight more in the future.

The European Union launched a strategy in March to support small modular reactors, with deployment targets set for the early 2030s.

Germany, by contrast, shut down its final nuclear reactors in 2023. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz later described the decision on Jan. 14 as a “serious strategic mistake.”

Regulation

The bill proposes a new Commission for Nuclear Regulation designed to coordinate oversight and reduce duplication between agencies.

UK officials also pledged to increase the use of international standards and move toward what they described as a more “outcomes-focused” regulatory model.

The government said the reforms would maintain “world-class safety and environmental standards” while reducing delays and lowering costs over time.

“The current volatility in global fossil fuel markets underlines the benefit of homegrown nuclear electricity to Britain,” EDF Energy UK Chair Sir Alex Chisholm said in comments included in the briefing notes.

Chisholm said regulation should remain “timely, predictable and proportionate” and argued there was “no need to choose between protecting nature and the delivery of essential national infrastructure.”