Fears remain about how the Online Safety Bill will hand unprecedented powers to the UK regulator of communications Ofcom to protect "online users from harm" now that the law has passed.
The government has granted Ofcom new responsibilities and powers, with a wide range of compliance tools, fines, and sanctions, to become the regulator for online harm.
As the watchdog prepares to impose new online safety laws, it has made a string of Silicon Valley appointments and now, under the law, it must appoint a "committee on disinformation and misinformation."
Ofcom told The Epoch Times that it will "flag any potential conflicts of interest" on this committee.
The watchdog already has experience in tackling this through its role in overseeing telecommunications and broadcasting.
If social media platforms do not comply with the rules, Ofcom can now fine them up to £18 million or 10 percent of their global annual revenue, whichever is biggest, meaning fines handed down to the largest platforms could reach billions of pounds.
'Strong Incentive ... to Remove Content'
Last year Matthew Lesh, head of public policy of the free market think tank the Institute of Economic Affairs, warned in a report that the secretary of state and Ofcom will have unprecedented powers to define and limit speech, with "limited parliamentary or judicial oversight."Mr. Lesh told The Epoch Times that he thinks over time "we're going to become a less free place in the UK."
He said that Ofcom has been given "a lot of discretion to decide what to focus on, which platform is focused on, what to investigate."
"Ofcom are going to have powers to, and this was added to the bill quite last minute, to be able to have remote access into the company's systems, which obviously raises some quite serious privacy and security concerns," he added.
"They're meant to have that access to be able to monitor compliance with online safety, but really, they could use it for anything they want," he added.
He said that Ofcom has "all sorts of extraordinary powers and discretion when it comes to online safety," but there's not much public "awareness of what is quite a major piece of legislation."
Mr. Lesh said there is now a "pretty strong incentive on the companies to remove more content."
"So people are going to see their posts, even potentially innocent posts and speech removed on a far greater scale," he added.
Disinformation Board
Under the law, Ofcom must appoint an "advisory committee on disinformation and misinformation."Some of the board's duties will be to submit regular reports to Ofcom and the government on dealing with "disinformation and misinformation."
It is also written into law that Ofcom, as an organisation, must understand "the nature and impact of disinformation and misinformation, and reduce their and others’ exposure to it."
Full Fact is a member Ofcom’s Making Sense of Media Advisory Panel, alongside Google, Facebook, and the BBC, and a member of the Counter-Disinformation Policy Forum, which is convened by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).
The DCMS has worked with the for-profit company NewsGuard Technologies, which audits online publishers for accuracy and issues "green" and "red" trust ratings and "nutrition labels" on news sites.
Ofcom also made a series of Big Tech hires recently.
Jessica Zucker, formerly with Meta, assumed her role at Ofcom in 2022 after heading the company’s Misinformation Policy team in Europe, Middle East, and Africa.
After overseeing the development of the company’s voice-activated services at Amazon, Sachin Jogia now serves as Ofcom's chief technology officer.
'Open Process'
Regarding the disinformation committee, an Ofcom spokesman told The Epoch Times by email that “Ofcom is preparing to regulate online safety by ensuring that tech companies have effective measures in place to protect their users, particularly children."The act also has rules to prevent children from viewing pornography, content that promotes suicide, self-harm, or eating disorders.
"Once the Online Safety Bill passes, we will use our powers in a way that is compatible with rights to privacy and freedom of expression," he said.
“The new laws will require us to set up an advisory committee on mis/disinformation, who will advise Ofcom, including on how we should use our transparency powers and media literacy duties in relation to mis/disinformation across in-scope platforms."
He added that the committee "will need to be made up of experts in mis/disinformation, and those who can represent UK users and in-scope platforms."
He said that when establishing the committee, they will "set out publicly what its statutory functions and remit will be, as well as how it will operate."
"As with all advisory committees we establish, recruitment will be an open process conducted with due diligence, transparency, and consideration of potential or perceived conflicts of interest," he said.
'Draconian Measures'
Alan Miller, co-founder of the Together Declaration, told The Epoch Times, "The public rallied against the Online Safety Bill and changed some of the very, very draconian measures within it and put pressure on the government."Together was formed in August 2021 "to unite people from all walks of life to push back against the rapidly growing infringements on our rights and freedoms."
This includes campaigns against the Online Safety Bill, but also COVID-19 lockdowns, and ULEZ.
"Unfortunately, this is still a censor's charter and outsources it to Big Tech, unelected, undemocratic, [who can] decide upon who can say what and when. This is unacceptable, we need to insist on free speech, no ifs or buts, in Britain," added Mr. Miller.
