Theodora Johnson, sixth-generation native of Siskiyou County's Scott Valley, on the Bacigalupi ranch in Little Shasta Valley, on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
If you look carefully, you'll spot it all over the place in rural Siskiyou County, California—on flags, on banners, and even on bumper stickers.
Two “X”s in a yellow circle symbolize what supporters see as the double-crossing governments of Oregon and California. Words encircle the double crosses: “The Great Seal of State of Jefferson.”
The movement to carve out a separate state is just one visible sign of the conflict between city and country on the fringes of the Pacific Northwest.
In a series of Sept. 18 interviews with The Epoch Times, local ranchers explained their problems with the latest stringent restrictions on their use of water.
A scene from the "State of Jefferson," near the border between California and Oregon, on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
On the California side of the state line, limits have been enabled by Gov. Gavin Newsom’s emergency drought measures.
Water has always been an issue out west, particularly in California; last century’s water wars were famously dramatized in the 1974 movie “Chinatown.”
Yet when seen from another perspective, the current struggles between ranchers and state agencies look like skirmishes in a different war—this one over the future of food.
Even as many of California’s farmers and ranchers feel the heat from Sacramento, Newsom, a former World Economic Forum Young Global Leader and frequent speaker, has quietly taken steps to further the replacement of animal protein with substitutes, considered by some to be more eco-friendly.
Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks to reporters at AltaMed Urgent Care in Santa Ana, Calif., on March 25, 2021. (John Fredricks/The Epoch Times)
The state’s latest budget allocated $5 million for research and development on “plant-based and cultivated meats,” the first such funding from California’s state government.
Ranchers aren’t the only ones feeling the squeeze. Rep. Doug La Malfa (R-Calif.), a fourth-generation rice farmer in the state’s Central Valley, told The Epoch Times that drought-related restrictions on water forced him to take much of his acreage out of production.
Meanwhile, the state, long known for its dominance in milk production, is rapidly losing dairies.
California nonprofit Dairy Cares reports that the number of dairies in the state has now fallen from 1,900 in 2008 to roughly 1,100. Milk output declined slightly too, to 39 million from 41 million gallons of milk per year.
National statistics from the U.S. Department of Agriculture show that the country’s total cattle and calf numbers decreased by 2.4 percent in 2022 from the previous year, continuing a long-term downward trend.
John Huston (L) as Noah Cross, and Jack Nicholson (R) as J.J. 'Jake' Gittes in "Chinatown." (Paramount Pictures)
In the eyes of many farmers and ranchers, a challenging environment has only been worsened by hostile treatment from the occupational press.
“We’re portrayed in most of the media as a bunch of rubes that are tearing the ground up because their forefathers did it for the last 100 years,” Lane Roelle, a rancher on the Oregon side of the line, told The Epoch Times.
The Bacigalupis of Siskiyou County make no secret of their support for the State of Jefferson. A banner hanging from a roadside barn on their land invites people to join.
Jerry Bagicalupi grew up on a ranch that’s a few hours from his home today. When he bought his current property, he and his family were living in Sacramento. Jerry’s daughter, Deborah Bacigalupi, was just 13 at the time.
In the arid Little Shasta Valley, the Bacigalupis enjoy a green and pleasant land that sustains birds, frogs, mammals, and other fauna. That shows that human intervention and biodiversity need not work at cross-purposes, Deborah said. After all, many of the water features were created or altered by her father.
“You build a pond, and all of a sudden, you have an oasis,” she told The Epoch Times.
Water is one big reason for the Bacigalupis’ uneasy relationship with the state, and, in particular, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)—just one arm of the state’s labyrinthine environmental bureaucracy.
Dairy cows feed on a mixture of corn feed and hay at the McIsaac Dairy, in Novato, Calif., on Nov. 30, 2006. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)
The family comes to the fight armed with expertise. Jerry spent years working as a water engineer for the California Department of Water Resources.
Deborah described the board’s power as near-dictatorial during the drought.
In response to this characterization, an SWRCB spokesperson told The Epoch Times in a Nov. 7 email that it “holds public meetings that offer the public [an opportunity] to participate in the board’s development and implementation of drought and other water-related policy and regulatory actions.”
In a follow-up interview that same day, Deborah scoffed at the idea that public comments meaningfully influence the board.
“I think they just go through public comment to check off a box,” she told The Epoch Times.
The Bacigalupis have recently tangled with the SWRCB over its request that the family line a ditch on their property.
Jerry thinks the state’s intention makes no sense from an environmental point of view. Lining the ditch would eliminate a valuable hotspot for natural life, he argued.
“Think of the vegetation along there. Think of the wildlife habitat,” he said.
Deborah Bacigalupi on the Bacigalupi ranch in Siskiyou County, California, on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
Deborah believes that the struggle over water is just one small part of a much bigger picture.
“I know that China and California are constantly looked at as the model for globalism,” she said on Sept. 18, citing her governor’s connections to organizations such as the World Economic Forum.
“What better way to control the masses than by co-opting, stealing, and claiming authority over all water?” she asked.
Even as they spar with the state over property rights, the Bacigalupis must contend with a very real, very severe drought.
“I’ve never seen it this dry,” Jerry said.
He had to rescue one of their cows after it got stuck in a pond, in a vain search for more water.
“I pulled her out and left her there for two days, and she died. She never made it,” Jerry said.
According to Deborah, the biggest threats to local ranchers are three big “Ws”: “Water, wolves, and wildfires.”
The California State Capitol building in Sacramento on April 18, 2022. (John Fredricks/The Epoch Times)
The region’s growing wildfire problem is no great secret to anyone who follows the news. While some commentators pin much of the blame on man-made climate change, others argue that decades of forest mismanagement are the sole or primary culprit.
The return of gray wolves to northern California, on the other hand, is less likely to make the headlines.
Environmental groups have championed the reappearance of wolves, bears, and other large predators in places from which they once were expelled.
Indeed, in many cases, humans have deliberately reintroduced those species to their former ranges. (While some people have different theories, the state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife says it didn’t shepherd gray wolves back into California.)
The restoration of such species is central to the broader vision of “re-wilding” large swaths of the planet, an aspiration mirrored by the Biden administration’s “30 by 30” plan to protect 30 percent of the country’s lands and waters by 2030.
Newsom issued his own California-specific 30 by 30 plan through a 2020 executive order.
California rancher and engineer Jerry Bacigalupi, photographed Sept. 22, 2022, is skeptical of state agencies. (The Epoch Times)
Here in the heart of Jefferson, the wilderness ideal looks rather different on the ground.
Ranchers whose ancestors drove off grizzly bears and other large predators now fear attacks on their cattle from the resurgent gray wolves. It’s once again defined as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), thanks to a court order that overturned the Trump administration’s delisting.
Deborah questioned the priority of environmental activists who claim that animal welfare or well-being are among their foremost concerns.
“They don’t care if a gray wolf is chewing up alive, eating bit by bit our cows,” she said.
The image, although horrifying, corresponds to a reality that’s hundreds or thousands of miles away from the many people deciding the future of places such as Siskiyou County. To some, it might as well not exist.
Theodora Johnson’s forebears arrived in Siskiyou County’s Scott Valley during the 1860s, as the California Gold Rush drew prospectors to the area.
Deborah Bacigalupi on her family's rural California ranch on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
“They started farming to feed the miners,” Johnson told The Epoch Times.
She and her husband are raising three little kids. Those children mark her family’s seventh generation in the Scott Valley.
Like the other ranchers who spoke with The Epoch Times, Johnson and her husband are chafing against the restrictions on water use.
Under the current drought emergency regulation, cattle get only 15 gallons of water per day unless the temperature soars above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
“It’s not enough, especially for a lactating cow,” said Johnson, a member of the Scott Valley Agriculture Water Alliance.
Theodora Johnson is the sixth generation of her family in far northern California's Scott Valley. (The Epoch Times)
In practice, local ranchers are allegedly defying the regulation. One SWRCB cease and desist order that’s aimed at farmer Lance Batistich accuses him of violating water right curtailments under the drought emergency based on “photographic evidence received from California Department of Fish and Wildlife staff.”
“The diverter expressed their disagreement with the curtailment orders with hostility and voiced skepticism about the state and federal agencies,” the order states.
Batistich didn’t respond to a request by The Epoch Times for comment by press time. The SWRCB declined to comment on the order.
“No one is going to limit how much their livestock can drink, because that’s inhumane,” Johnson said.
Whatever form the rules take, hostility to ranchers’ ways of life doesn’t seem far below the surface to locals.
“I think they want us to just get rid of the cows,” Johnson said.
California rancher Theodora Johnson, an advocate for ranchers in rural Scott Valley, on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
Oregon rancher Roelle and his wife are dealing with many of the same problems as their peers in California.
“That’s why I agreed to be on the board for [the Klamath] irrigation district,” he told The Epoch Times. “It’s not that I’m the guy to take care of it, but maybe every little bit helps.”
Roelle is used to economic upheavals in the region. After all, he used to be a logger.
The lumber industry’s contraction in the State of Jefferson resulted in part from the 1990 listing of the northern spotted owl as threatened under the ESA.
The northern spotted owl. (Photo by Wayne Lynch)
“Millions of acres of highly productive federal timberland in the Pacific Northwest and northern California were set aside,” University of Chicago researcher Eyal Frank wrote in a 2021 paper analyzing the economic impact of that move.
That fracas over the spotted owl finds an eerie echo in ranchers’ current disputes with the government. Much of the disagreement, including over the fate of several local dams, ultimately comes down to habitat for protected fish species.
The Roelles supplement their ranching income through other activities—not an uncommon story for all but the largest producers today.
For example, Scott Valley’s Johnson is a freelance writer, and her husband works in construction.
In Lane’s case, that something extra comes from his work as an X-ray technician.
Like Johnson and many others in the Klamath Basin Improvement District, Roelle has deep roots in the area. His mother’s family came to Oregon along an overland route in 1847, shortly before the Oregon Territory came into existence, he said.
Now, however, he almost wishes he had sold out a decade ago.
Oregon rancher Lane Roelle in Siskiyou County, Calif., on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
He’s surviving with the help of $450 per acre of drought relief.
“It doesn’t make you whole. It keeps you going another year, and you hope that your next year is better,” Roelle said. “And that’s all it is. It’s like, well, here’s enough to prolong your misery.”
Even so, he finds it hard to imagine parting from the land he loves.
“We’ve made it our home. I don’t know why we should have to leave,” Roelle said.
He doesn’t think that Americans are prepared for what a food shortage might look like, should rising input prices, supply chain disruptions, or other factors converge to drive widespread hunger in the country.
Years of ever-improving yields per acre have left the country accustomed to abundance. Obesity is far more common than undernourishment.
Oregon rancher Lane Roelle on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
He reflected on the possibilities. The country and world would no doubt change if food went from merely costly to absent.
As the interview drew to a close, Roelle spotted something moving on a nearby hill.
“Is that a mountain lion?” he asked, before quickly correcting himself. “No, it’s a coyote.”
He alerted one of the Bacigalupis: “You’ve got a coyote up there in the cows.”
“I would shoot it—but that’s just me,” he quietly noted.
The "State of Jefferson," near the California–Oregon border, viewed from above on Sept. 18, 2022. (The Epoch Times)
In the State of Jefferson, certain basic realities—the water flow along a ditch, alfalfa yields per acre, a predator stalking the cattle—loom larger than they do in Sacramento, Washington, or Davos.
Time will tell who sees the world more clearly.
Neither the federal Bureau of Reclamation nor Newsom’s office responded to requests for comment on this story by press time.
The Klamath Basin ranchers’ story will be part of an upcoming documentary from The Epoch Times, “Eat the Bugs.”
Nathan Worcester covers national politics for The Epoch Times and has also focused on energy and the environment. Nathan has written about everything from fusion energy and ESG to Biden's classified documents and international conservative politics. He lives and works in Chicago. Nathan can be reached at [email protected].
Long Arm of Bureaucracy Causing Trouble for Farmers in the State of Jefferson
Government agencies adding to the challenges of water, wildfires, and wolves for deep-rooted ranching families
Friends Read Free
If you look carefully, you'll spot it all over the place in rural Siskiyou County, California—on flags, on banners, and even on bumper stickers.
Two “X”s in a yellow circle symbolize what supporters see as the double-crossing governments of Oregon and California. Words encircle the double crosses: “The Great Seal of State of Jefferson.”
The movement to carve out a separate state is just one visible sign of the conflict between city and country on the fringes of the Pacific Northwest.
In a series of Sept. 18 interviews with The Epoch Times, local ranchers explained their problems with the latest stringent restrictions on their use of water.
On the California side of the state line, limits have been enabled by Gov. Gavin Newsom’s emergency drought measures.
Water has always been an issue out west, particularly in California; last century’s water wars were famously dramatized in the 1974 movie “Chinatown.”
Yet when seen from another perspective, the current struggles between ranchers and state agencies look like skirmishes in a different war—this one over the future of food.
The state’s latest budget allocated $5 million for research and development on “plant-based and cultivated meats,” the first such funding from California’s state government.
Ranchers aren’t the only ones feeling the squeeze. Rep. Doug La Malfa (R-Calif.), a fourth-generation rice farmer in the state’s Central Valley, told The Epoch Times that drought-related restrictions on water forced him to take much of his acreage out of production.
Meanwhile, the state, long known for its dominance in milk production, is rapidly losing dairies.
In the eyes of many farmers and ranchers, a challenging environment has only been worsened by hostile treatment from the occupational press.
“We’re portrayed in most of the media as a bunch of rubes that are tearing the ground up because their forefathers did it for the last 100 years,” Lane Roelle, a rancher on the Oregon side of the line, told The Epoch Times.
The Bacigalupis of Siskiyou County make no secret of their support for the State of Jefferson. A banner hanging from a roadside barn on their land invites people to join.
Jerry Bagicalupi grew up on a ranch that’s a few hours from his home today. When he bought his current property, he and his family were living in Sacramento. Jerry’s daughter, Deborah Bacigalupi, was just 13 at the time.
In the arid Little Shasta Valley, the Bacigalupis enjoy a green and pleasant land that sustains birds, frogs, mammals, and other fauna. That shows that human intervention and biodiversity need not work at cross-purposes, Deborah said. After all, many of the water features were created or altered by her father.
“You build a pond, and all of a sudden, you have an oasis,” she told The Epoch Times.
Water is one big reason for the Bacigalupis’ uneasy relationship with the state, and, in particular, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)—just one arm of the state’s labyrinthine environmental bureaucracy.
The family comes to the fight armed with expertise. Jerry spent years working as a water engineer for the California Department of Water Resources.
Deborah described the board’s power as near-dictatorial during the drought.
In response to this characterization, an SWRCB spokesperson told The Epoch Times in a Nov. 7 email that it “holds public meetings that offer the public [an opportunity] to participate in the board’s development and implementation of drought and other water-related policy and regulatory actions.”
In a follow-up interview that same day, Deborah scoffed at the idea that public comments meaningfully influence the board.
“I think they just go through public comment to check off a box,” she told The Epoch Times.
The Bacigalupis have recently tangled with the SWRCB over its request that the family line a ditch on their property.
Jerry thinks the state’s intention makes no sense from an environmental point of view. Lining the ditch would eliminate a valuable hotspot for natural life, he argued.
“Think of the vegetation along there. Think of the wildlife habitat,” he said.
Deborah believes that the struggle over water is just one small part of a much bigger picture.
“I know that China and California are constantly looked at as the model for globalism,” she said on Sept. 18, citing her governor’s connections to organizations such as the World Economic Forum.
“What better way to control the masses than by co-opting, stealing, and claiming authority over all water?” she asked.
Even as they spar with the state over property rights, the Bacigalupis must contend with a very real, very severe drought.
“I’ve never seen it this dry,” Jerry said.
He had to rescue one of their cows after it got stuck in a pond, in a vain search for more water.
“I pulled her out and left her there for two days, and she died. She never made it,” Jerry said.
According to Deborah, the biggest threats to local ranchers are three big “Ws”: “Water, wolves, and wildfires.”
The region’s growing wildfire problem is no great secret to anyone who follows the news. While some commentators pin much of the blame on man-made climate change, others argue that decades of forest mismanagement are the sole or primary culprit.
The return of gray wolves to northern California, on the other hand, is less likely to make the headlines.
Environmental groups have championed the reappearance of wolves, bears, and other large predators in places from which they once were expelled.
The restoration of such species is central to the broader vision of “re-wilding” large swaths of the planet, an aspiration mirrored by the Biden administration’s “30 by 30” plan to protect 30 percent of the country’s lands and waters by 2030.
Here in the heart of Jefferson, the wilderness ideal looks rather different on the ground.
Ranchers whose ancestors drove off grizzly bears and other large predators now fear attacks on their cattle from the resurgent gray wolves. It’s once again defined as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), thanks to a court order that overturned the Trump administration’s delisting.
Deborah questioned the priority of environmental activists who claim that animal welfare or well-being are among their foremost concerns.
“They don’t care if a gray wolf is chewing up alive, eating bit by bit our cows,” she said.
The image, although horrifying, corresponds to a reality that’s hundreds or thousands of miles away from the many people deciding the future of places such as Siskiyou County. To some, it might as well not exist.
Theodora Johnson’s forebears arrived in Siskiyou County’s Scott Valley during the 1860s, as the California Gold Rush drew prospectors to the area.
“They started farming to feed the miners,” Johnson told The Epoch Times.
She and her husband are raising three little kids. Those children mark her family’s seventh generation in the Scott Valley.
Like the other ranchers who spoke with The Epoch Times, Johnson and her husband are chafing against the restrictions on water use.
“It’s not enough, especially for a lactating cow,” said Johnson, a member of the Scott Valley Agriculture Water Alliance.
“The diverter expressed their disagreement with the curtailment orders with hostility and voiced skepticism about the state and federal agencies,” the order states.
Batistich didn’t respond to a request by The Epoch Times for comment by press time. The SWRCB declined to comment on the order.
“No one is going to limit how much their livestock can drink, because that’s inhumane,” Johnson said.
Whatever form the rules take, hostility to ranchers’ ways of life doesn’t seem far below the surface to locals.
“I think they want us to just get rid of the cows,” Johnson said.
Oregon rancher Roelle and his wife are dealing with many of the same problems as their peers in California.
“That’s why I agreed to be on the board for [the Klamath] irrigation district,” he told The Epoch Times. “It’s not that I’m the guy to take care of it, but maybe every little bit helps.”
Roelle is used to economic upheavals in the region. After all, he used to be a logger.
The lumber industry’s contraction in the State of Jefferson resulted in part from the 1990 listing of the northern spotted owl as threatened under the ESA.
That fracas over the spotted owl finds an eerie echo in ranchers’ current disputes with the government. Much of the disagreement, including over the fate of several local dams, ultimately comes down to habitat for protected fish species.
The Roelles supplement their ranching income through other activities—not an uncommon story for all but the largest producers today.
For example, Scott Valley’s Johnson is a freelance writer, and her husband works in construction.
In Lane’s case, that something extra comes from his work as an X-ray technician.
Like Johnson and many others in the Klamath Basin Improvement District, Roelle has deep roots in the area. His mother’s family came to Oregon along an overland route in 1847, shortly before the Oregon Territory came into existence, he said.
Now, however, he almost wishes he had sold out a decade ago.
He’s surviving with the help of $450 per acre of drought relief.
“It doesn’t make you whole. It keeps you going another year, and you hope that your next year is better,” Roelle said. “And that’s all it is. It’s like, well, here’s enough to prolong your misery.”
Even so, he finds it hard to imagine parting from the land he loves.
“We’ve made it our home. I don’t know why we should have to leave,” Roelle said.
He doesn’t think that Americans are prepared for what a food shortage might look like, should rising input prices, supply chain disruptions, or other factors converge to drive widespread hunger in the country.
Years of ever-improving yields per acre have left the country accustomed to abundance. Obesity is far more common than undernourishment.
He reflected on the possibilities. The country and world would no doubt change if food went from merely costly to absent.
As the interview drew to a close, Roelle spotted something moving on a nearby hill.
“Is that a mountain lion?” he asked, before quickly correcting himself. “No, it’s a coyote.”
He alerted one of the Bacigalupis: “You’ve got a coyote up there in the cows.”
“I would shoot it—but that’s just me,” he quietly noted.
In the State of Jefferson, certain basic realities—the water flow along a ditch, alfalfa yields per acre, a predator stalking the cattle—loom larger than they do in Sacramento, Washington, or Davos.
Time will tell who sees the world more clearly.
Neither the federal Bureau of Reclamation nor Newsom’s office responded to requests for comment on this story by press time.
The Klamath Basin ranchers’ story will be part of an upcoming documentary from The Epoch Times, “Eat the Bugs.”
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