LITTLE ROCK, Ark.—When a researcher begins with a conclusion, then looks for data to support that conclusion, “it’s a danger to all of science,” Dr. Paul Hruz, a St. Louis physician-scientist, told a federal judge.
Yet he said he has seen this disturbing pattern recur in recent years as he examined studies purporting to prove the benefits of hormones and surgeries as treatments for gender dysphoria in youths.
