ECB Trims Emergency Support—but Don’t Call It Tapering

ECB Trims Emergency Support—but Don’t Call It Tapering
The skyline with its banking district and the European Central Bank (ECB) are seen, as the spread of the COVID-19 continues, in Frankfurt, Germany, on March 31, 2020. (Kai Pfaffenbach/Reuters)
Reuters
9/9/2021
Updated:
9/9/2021

FRANKFURT—The European Central Bank will trim emergency bond purchases over the coming quarter, it said on Thursday, taking a first small step towards unwinding the emergency aid that has propped up the euro zone economy during the coronavirus pandemic.

After the ECB pulled out all the stops last year as COVID-19 ravaged the economy, high vaccination rates across Europe are bolstering recovery prospects and policymakers have been under pressure to acknowledge that the worst is over.

The ECB did so by slowing the pace of its Pandemic Emergency Purchase Program (PEPP), which has kept borrowing costs low as governments took on unprecedented amounts of debt to finance the response to the pandemic.

But with rising U.S. infection rates making the Federal Reserve hesitant to wind down its stimulus, the ECB was keen to stress it wasn’t about to close the money taps.

“The lady isn’t tapering,” ECB President Christine Lagarde told a news conference to explain the decision, using a turn of phrase reminiscent of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s famous declaration “the lady’s not for turning.”

“What we have done today ... unanimously, is to calibrate the pace of our purchases in order to deliver on our goal of favorable financing conditions. We have not discussed what comes next,” she said.

Lagarde pushed back a decision on how to wind down the 1.85 trillion euro ($2.19 trillion) PEPP to December and stressed that, even if that happens, the ECB will continue keeping credit cheap in its quest to boost inflation to its target.

“The day when PEPP is over ... the job is not finished because we are still targeting 2 percent,” Lagarde said.

European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde addresses a news conference on the outcome of the meeting of the Governing Council, in Frankfurt, Germany, on March 12, 2020. (Kai Pfaffenbach/Reuters)
European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde addresses a news conference on the outcome of the meeting of the Governing Council, in Frankfurt, Germany, on March 12, 2020. (Kai Pfaffenbach/Reuters)

With the economy now on a stronger footing, the ECB said that favorable financing conditions could be maintained with a “moderately lower pace” of asset purchases compared to the 80 billion euros ($94.6 billion) it bought per month during the past two quarters.

It provided no numerical guidance for the three months ahead.

Highlighting policymakers’ caution, the bank also maintained a longstanding pledge to ramp stimulus back up if markets turn and financing conditions require it.

‘Not on the Green’: Lagarde

While Lagarde struck an optimistic tone on the labor market, she stressed that future recovery prospects still depended on the continued success of Europe’s vaccination program and the trajectory of infections across the world.

“We are not out of the woods, we are not on the green, as the golf players will appreciate,” Lagarde said.

The ECB upgraded its growth forecast for this year to 5 percent from a previous 4.6 percent target and raised inflation expectations. Inflation is now seen at 2.2 percent this year, falling to 1.7 percent next year and 1.5 percent in 2023—well below the ECB’s 2 percent target.

Prices rose by 3 percent year-on-year in August, according to preliminary estimates, a commodity-fueled pinch that is being felt by many consumers.

But Lagarde said policymakers continued to believe that wage pressures were modest and that supply bottlenecks currently hitting materials and equipment would start to ease.

With Thursday’s decision, the ECB’s key rate remains unchanged at minus 0.5 percent, PEPP remains on track to end next March, and purchases under the older Asset Purchase Program (APP) remain at 20 billion euros ($23.66 billion) a month.

December Decision

But Lagarde skirted the big issue around the exact end of emergency support, leaving that contentious decision for December’s meeting.

The difficulty is that the bank must signal the end of PEPP, its biggest asset-purchase scheme, as the COVID-19 crisis ends, while promising to maintain support via other tools because inflation is still too low.

That will require the ECB to shift its focus to the more rigid, longer-established APP, the bank’s primary stimulus tool before the pandemic.

But to make the APP fit for purpose, the ECB must increase purchase volumes and make its rules more flexible—which some members of the Governing Council could resist, fearing that the ECB is already acting beyond its mandate.

“I think the council is far too divided for her to start deliberating on that,” Gilles Moec, chief economist at French insurer AXA Group, said.