His investigation extends a sweeping crackdown that has engulfed China’s financial bureaucracy in recent years, with senior officials at regulators, state-owned banks, and investment firms increasingly falling under anti-corruption scrutiny.
While the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) describes such investigations as part of its anti-corruption campaign, U.S.-based China current affairs analyst Li Linyi said, in reality, they reflect internal political struggles.
“This case has attracted particular attention because Fang was considered to have relatively close ties to [CCP leader] Xi Jinping, prompting speculation about the political dynamics behind the investigation,” Li told The Epoch Times.
“With the CCP’s 21st National Congress approaching, internal power struggles are expected to intensify.”
Another Senior Official Falls
The China Securities Regulatory Commission has emerged as one of China’s most politically vulnerable financial institutions since the country’s stock market turmoil in 2015.
The regulator’s last three chairmen all left office under difficult circumstances.
Fang served as vice chairman from October 2015 to July 2024, making him one of the longest-serving members of the regulator’s leadership during a period marked by repeated market turbulence and regulatory overhaul. He worked under Xiao, Liu, and Yi and served alongside Yi for nearly five years before Yi became chairman.
Unlike many Chinese financial regulators, Fang built an international career before entering government. Born in 1964, he earned a bachelor’s degree from China’s prestigious Tsinghua University before completing a doctorate in economics at Stanford University under future Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz.
After graduating, he worked at the World Bank before returning to China in 1998. He subsequently held senior positions at China Construction Bank, China Galaxy Securities, the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and the Shanghai municipal government, where he oversaw financial affairs.
His international background and fluent English made him one of China’s best-known financial officials among global investors. At the China Securities Regulatory Commission, he played a prominent role in promoting capital market reforms and represented Beijing at major international forums.
Fang’s rise also coincided with Xi’s ascent to power.
He worked as a senior financial official in Shanghai during Xi’s brief tenure as the city’s Party secretary in 2007, making him one of several Shanghai officials later promoted under Xi’s administration.
Public Profile During Market Volatility
Fang became internationally known in early 2016 when, while attending the WEF in Davos, he publicly distanced himself from China’s newly introduced stock-market circuit-breaker mechanism, a policy associated with then-China Securities Regulatory Commission chairman Xiao Gang.
His comments on the stock market, the yuan’s depreciation, and China’s economic policies drew widespread attention because senior Chinese officials rarely speak publicly on such sensitive issues, particularly when their remarks differ from those of their superiors.
Fang’s career reflected the generation of Chinese economists shaped by the country’s reform era.
While studying economics at Tsinghua University, he attended lectures by Zhu Rongji, then the state economic planner who later became China’s premier. Fang later wrote that Zhu’s vision of building a world-class economics school and his call for overseas Chinese scholars to return home influenced his decision to come back to China after working abroad.
Chinese financial media The Paper has also reported that Fang returned in 1998 after being invited by Zhou Xiaochuan, then president of China Construction Bank and later governor of the People’s Bank of China.
Fang’s investigation adds another prominent name to the growing list of senior financial officials swept up in Xi’s anti-corruption campaign, underscoring the continued political risks facing even some of China’s most internationally recognized economic policymakers.
