US Opens New Trade Probes Targeting 60 Countries Over Alleged Forced Labor Practices

China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and the European Union are amongst the 60 countries subject to the latest probes.

Shipping containers are stacked at a terminal at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, Calif., on March 10, 2026. Caroline Brehman/Reuters

The United States has initiated new trade probes into 60 economies to determine whether their trade practices have enabled imports made with forced labor, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) said on March 12.

The probes are being conducted under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which looks into potential unfair trade practices by trading partners. Those found to be in violation could face tariffs.

Among the 60 economies subject to the latest probes are Australia, China, Canada, India, Israel, Mexico, Japan, the European Union, Russia, South Korea, and Vietnam, according to the USTR.

“Despite the international consensus against forced labor, governments have failed to impose and effectively enforce measures banning goods produced with forced labor from entering their markets,” U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said in the statement.

“These investigations will determine whether foreign governments have taken sufficient steps to prohibit the importation of goods produced with forced labor and how the failure to eradicate these abhorrent practices impacts U.S. workers and businesses.”

On March 11, USTR launched Section 301 investigations into structural excess capacity and production across 16 economies. Greer said the probes will examine whether their practices discriminate against or burden U.S. commerce.

The economies targeted in those probes include China, the European Union, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Mexico, Japan, and India.

These investigations follow last month’s Supreme Court ruling that invalidated tariffs imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump on trading partners under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA).

Trump invoked the IEEPA to impose tariffs on countries last year, citing the need to regulate international transactions to respond to “an unusual and extraordinary threat” to national security. The Supreme Court ruled on Feb. 20 that the law does not clearly authorize tariffs.

Shipping containers are stacked at a terminal at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, Calif., on March 10, 2026. Caroline Brehman/Reuters

After the high court’s decision, Trump unveiled a 10 percent global tariff through a Feb. 20 presidential proclamation invoking Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which took effect on Feb. 24.

Section 122 allows the president to implement a tariff rate of up to 15 percent on countries that maintain “large and serious” trade surpluses with the United States.

Trump wrote in a Feb. 21 post on Truth Social that his administration would introduce “new and legally permissible tariffs” in the coming months and planned to increase the global tariff to 15 percent.

There are key exemptions to the global tariff, including USMCA-compliant goods, pharmaceuticals, critical minerals, and food imports. USMCA stands for United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.

Other elements of the tariff regime remain in place. These include 50 percent on aluminum, copper products, and steel; 25 percent on automobiles and furniture; and 10 percent on lumber.

Andrew Moran contributed to this report.