There has been a big increase in the number of GPS spoofing and jamming attacks aimed at interfering with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, which is standard on all international shipping.
Jeroen Pijpker, lecturer at NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands, told The Epoch Times that the university has recorded 400 GPS spoofing and jamming incidents in its database, with 25 percent of them related to actual vessels. He said he believes that these cases are just the “tip of the iceberg.”