AI Reshaping US Jobs but Not Yet Triggering Mass Unemployment, Says European Central Bank

A study found jobs with a ‘high risk of AI substitution,’ such as economists and graphic designers, declined by 4 percent.

A screen reads “AI” in reference to artificial intelligence as attendees gather during Rivian’s first Autonomy and AI Day in Palo Alto, Calif., on Dec. 11, 2025. Carlos Barria/Reuters

Artificial intelligence (AI) has begun shifting American workers away from occupations most vulnerable to automation, but its overall effect on U.S. employment and wages still remains “muted,” according to a European Central Bank study released on Monday.

U.S. companies have been investing heavily in AI in recent years amid predictions that humans will be ​replaced at increasing rates.