AI Models Master PhD-Level Science After Just 2 Years of Development

In less than two years, top-tier AI models went from amateur guesses in a challenging science exam, to providing expert-level answers.

People stand next to a humanoid robot in Shanghai, China, on Feb. 21, 2025. Hector Retamal/AFP via Getty Images

Several AI models have mastered PhD-level science in just a few months, according to one expert.

At a recent online event about AI, Liam Carroll, a researcher at the Sydney-based Gradient Institute, said frontier models were developing at a much faster rate than anticipated.