This year marks the 100th anniversary of Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution, which created the first communist state—so it’s time to think of the whales.
In just a few decades, tens of thousands of whales were slaughtered by the Soviet Union in what the Pacific Standard Magazine, called “one of the fastest decimations of an animal population in world history—and happened almost entirely in secret.”
The Soviet Union was part of a 1946 treaty setting a limit on the number of whales countries could kill each year. By the time a ban on commercial whaling went into effect in 1986, the Soviets reported having killed 2,710 humpback whales in the Southern Hemisphere. They had actually killed nearly 18 times that many, and thousands of whales of other species that went unreported, according to Pacific Standard:
“It had been an elaborate and audacious deception: Soviet captains had disguised ships, tampered with scientific data, and misled international authorities for decades. In the estimation of the marine biologists Yulia Ivashchenko, Phillip Clapham, and Robert Brownell, it was ‘arguably one of the greatest environmental crimes of the 20th century.'”
It might not make sense at first—committing environmental crimes such as poaching for rhino horn or elephant tusks, or dumping toxic waste, can make or save a fortune. However, the Soviets followed no such logic.
The reason for the senseless slaughter of whales was triggered by a key tenet of communism: central planning.
Every industry in the Soviet Union was controlled by the state, which doled out production targets, regardless of whether there was demand. Whaling, according to the paper, was part of the state fishing industry, and there was a qu0ta for whaling that had to be met. Bonuses doled out for meeting these targets created an artificial market.
The whaling system was mortally wounded by inefficiency, gross waste, and “runaway socialistic competition,” as Ivashchenko, Clapham, and Brownell noted in a research paper.
Soviet fleets that reached their targets received extra rewards and they were celebrated in Soviet newspapers, while crews were given bonuses, according to Pacific Standard. If quotas weren’t met, penalties could be doled out: captains could be demoted and crew members could be fired.
While Norway and Japan have historically had a demand for whale meat and other byproducts, the Russians did not. “Once the blubber was cut away for conversion into oil, the rest of the animal, as often as not, was left in the sea to rot,” the magazine noted. In comparison, today, Norway, Japan, and Iceland today kill a combined 2,000 whales around the world each year.
(NOAA)Another scientist, Alfred Berzin, said that Soviet whalers were deployed “to kill whales for little reason other than to say they had killed them,” as they had to satisfy “obscure line items in the five-year plans that drove the Soviet economy,” the publication says.
While it’s unclear how many whales were killed by the Soviets, it’s believed that at least 45,000 were slaughtered between 1946 and 1986.
A study from the Journal of Environment & Development in 1999 found that Soviet whalers took a larger number of humpback whales in the Antarctic between 1949 and 1972 than the rest of the world’s whaling fleets combined. What’s more, the International Whaling Commission deemed the rate of whale killings was “several times higher” than what was sustainable at the time. By the early 1970s, scientists said the damage inflicted on whale populations “was severe.”
In 1994, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was revealed that communist officials had been undercounting their catch. Between 1948 to 1973, the Soviet Union actually caught 48,477 humpback whales.
Communism is estimated to have killed at least 100 million people, yet its crimes have not been fully compiled and its ideology still persists. Epoch Times seeks to expose the history and beliefs of this movement, which has been a source of tyranny and destruction since it emerged.
See the entire series of articles here.
Views expressed in this article are the opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.
