The Yutu-2 moon rover is seen by the Chang'e-4 lunar probe on the far side of the moon in this photo released by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) via CNS on Jan. 11, 2019. China will seek to establish an international lunar base one day, possibly using 3D printing technology to build facilities, the Chinese space agency said on Jan. 14, weeks after landing the rover on the moon's far side. (China National Space Administration/AFP via Getty Images)
The two countries recently confirmed plans to explore the moon. Explore the big piece of rock for what, exactly? This is where things get interesting—and why the United States should be concerned.
On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong took “one small step” for mankind. Fifty years later, Chang’e 4, a Chinese lander named in honor of the ancient Chinese moon goddess, touched down on the far side of the moon. This was a historic moment, as no human (or robot) had ever ventured to the nether regions of the moon (Armstrong, it’s important to note, walked on the moon’s near side).
Upon landing, the Chinese spacecraft quickly released a rover (Yutu-2) onto the exotic terrain. Equipped with tools, Yutu-2 set about exploring the lunar surface. More than 1,000 days after the landing, Yutu-2 was still there—inspecting, probing, and exploring.
Not content with sending human-made objects to the moon, the CCP intends to launch a human lunar-landing mission by the end of the decade. According to space journalist Andrew Jones, the CCP also intends to deliver “architecture to the lunar surface for long-term stays.”
The United States has similar plans. These plans are costly ones. According to NASA’s latest audit, carried out by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), spending on its Artemis program—a project designed to return humans to the moon before 2030—will cost at least $93 billion.
Is it really worth adding tens of billions of dollars to the country’s debt just to send a few people to the moon? In March 2021, the U.S. national debt reached an all-time high of $28 trillion. By the time NASA launches its next manned mission, the national debt is expected to be $89 trillion.
Is this space race little more than muscle-flexing? As Marina Koren has noted, for “spacefaring nations, impressive feats, whether it’s landing on Mars or on the far side of the moon, will always be seen through the lens of the nation that managed to pull it off.”
“When you are the first country to land a probe on the far side of the moon, that says something about your science and technology, that says something about your industry,” Cheng said.
But the U.S.–China space race goes deeper, quite literally. Muscle-flexing is just one part of the equation. Mining is the second part.
A Long March-4C rocket lifts off from the southwestern Xichang launch center carrying the Queqiao ("Magpie Bridge") satellite in Xichang, Sichuan Province, China, on May 21, 2018. This communications relay satellite allows a rover to send images from the far side of the Moon. (China Out/AFP via Getty Images)
Mining the Moon
To the untrained eye, the moon is little more than an airless, soulless, and desolate place. But it’s also a valuable source of building materials, including water, fuel, and oxygen.
In November 2021, a UK-based firm won a European Space Agency contract to develop some rather intriguing technology. As science journalist Ian Sample reported at the time, the technology could be used to “convert moon dust and rocks into oxygen, leaving behind aluminum, iron and other metal powders for lunar construction workers to build with.”
If the technology proves to be successful, then we can expect to see extraction facilities being built on the moon. With “oxygen and valuable materials on the surface,” humans will no longer have to “haul them into space at enormous cost,” according to Sample.
Ian Crawford, a professor of planetary science and astrobiology at Birkbeck, Univesity of London, believes that the moon possesses an abundance of raw materials. Because of this, governments have a vested economic interest in mining the moon.
Take helium-3, for example. Potentially, in the not-so-distant future, this gas could be used to fuel nuclear fusion power plants. Although there’s a limited amount of helium-3 available here on planet Earth, there’s an abundance of it on the moon. In fact, according to scientists in China, the moon’s helium-3 reserves could provide enough clean energy to power our planet for the next 10,000 years. The value of this gas can’t be emphasized enough.
As analysts at Zephyr Solutions, a leading supplier of compressed gasses, have noted, one ton of helium-3 “has an energy equivalent to 50 million barrels of oil,” worth somewhere in the region of $3 billion. There may be “more than 1.2 million tons of Helium-3 sitting on the moon” right now, they said.
No wonder China—with Russia’s help—and the United States are engaged in a frantic space race. The poet Carl Sandburg once called the moon a “friend for the lonesome to talk to.” For China and the United States, the moon is less a friend and more a strategic commodity. Not something to be “talked to,” but something to be exploited.
Views expressed in this article are opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.
John Mac Ghlionn is a researcher and essayist. He covers psychology and social relations, and has a keen interest in social dysfunction and media manipulation. His work has been published by the New York Post, The Sydney Morning Herald, Newsweek, National Review, and The Spectator US, among others.
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