The Dalian Business: How Gu Kailai Turned Persecution Into Profit

Chinese dissection experts prepare a human body at the Von Hagens Plastination factory in Dalian, on Feb. 2, 2004. Von Hagens opened the first plastination factory in Dalian, but was soon followed by several imitators. (STR/AFP/Getty Images)

Policemen stand guard outside the Intermediate People's Court in Hefei City, Anhui Province, on Aug. 10. Gu Kailai was tried here for the murder of British businessman Neil Heywoord. (Peter Parks/AFP/GettyImages)

The trial of Chinese billionaire Gu Kailai for the murder of British businessman Neil Heywood has been a sort of show trial. The point of the drama has been to hide great criminality rather than to publicize it.

According to accounts in state-run media, the court accepted Gu’s confession that she murdered Heywood out of fear that he might harm her son. It is also entertaining arguments from Gu that would justify leniency in her sentence, including remorse and a mother’s anxiety.

If the court had chosen to look into the business relationship between Gu and Heywood, they would have found the pair had profited over the course of 13 years from the murders of hundreds or thousands of individuals—the number of victims can only be guessed at. Those are the crimes that the proceedings in Hefei City Intermediate People’s Court have been meant to obscure.

The story began in Dalian City in northeastern Liaoning Province in 1999. Gu’s husband, Bo Xilai, had been mayor of the seaport city for six years. He chafed at his lot, seemingly exiled from the higher reaches of power.

Gu shared his discontent. Beautiful, stylish, tough, and smart, holding a master’s degree in politics from Beijing University, Gu struck at least one American, according to the Wall Street Journal, as the Jacqueline Kennedy of China. Dalian was too small a stage for her.

A conversation Bo had with then head of the CCP Jiang Zemin would change things forever for Bo and Gu.

The journalist Jiang Weiping reported this conversation in an article he published in 2009 after immigrating to Canada. In 2002 Jiang Weiping had published an article accusing Bo of corruption, and Bo rewarded him by arresting him on charges of exposing state secrets and inciting subversion and then had him sentenced to seven years in prison.

Bo’s chauffeur, a man named Wang, told Jiang Weiping what had transpired between Bo and Jiang Zemin.

“You must show your toughness in handling Falun Gong much like the toughness shown by Hu Jintao in handling the 1989 Tibetan riot; it will be your political capital,” Jiang Zemin told Bo.

Imprisoning Practitioners

Bo and Gu did not need any more encouragement. While many top central Party officials and provincial officials were less than enthusiastic when Jiang Zemin launched his campaign to eradicate the spiritual practice of Falun Gong on July 20, 1999, Bo and Gu seized on it as their ticket out of Dalian.

The city quickly became a hellhole for Falun Gong practitioners, and Bo’s ascent began. In 1999 he was named the head of Dalian City CCP—the most powerful position in Dalian. In 2000 he was named acting governor of Liaoning Province and then in 2001 governor. By 2002 he was a member of CCP Central Committee and had vaulted into national prominence.

Meanwhile, Falun Gong practitioners were flooding Beijing, seeking to tell the CCP to stop the persecution. The prisons and labor camps in Beijing and the surrounding areas were overflowing. Bo saw another opportunity to ingratiate himself to Jiang Zemin.

Bo took the lead in constructing and expanding large-scale prisons and labor camps in Liaoning Province including: Dalian Prison, Nanguanling Prison, Jinzhou Prison, Wafangdian Prison, Zhoushuizi Labor Camp, Yaojia Detention Center.

Bo also expanded the Masanjia Labor Camp in Shenyang City, making it the largest prison facility in China. He also expanded the Longshan Labor Camp, the Shenxin Labor Camp, and others.

Bo arranged to fill his newly refurbished facilities with the overflow from Beijing, so that his prisons and labor camps came to hold practitioners from all parts of China. In particular, Bo took those practitioners who were arrested in Beijing but refused to reveal their names.

Profitmaking Opportunity

While Bo and Gu first saw the persecution as a chance to climb up the CCP’s ladder, Gu quickly saw in all of the practitioners crowding Bo’s new jails something else: a chance for immense profits. According to a source familiar with the matter, Neil Heywood was there with her from the beginning as a trusted aide as she began making money from the organs and bodies of the practitioners.

In August 1999, Gunther von Hagens opened the first corpse-processing factory in Dalian. Using a process von Hagens says he invented in the 1970s called plastination in which bodily fluids are replaced by polymers, the factory preserved human bodies for display and research.

In 1995, von Hagens had begun mounting exhibitions of his preserved bodies, turning his invention into a profitmaking industry. In fact, the exhibitions that von Hagens and his competitors mount in tours around the world have attracted audiences in the tens of millions and earned receipts in the hundreds of millions of dollars.

The factory was approved by the Dalian Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and the Dalian Industrial and Commercial Administrative Management Bureau, with Bo personally involved in approving the registration.

Requiring an initial investment of US$15 million, the factory was located in the high-tech development zone of Dalian, a beautiful place close to the ocean and at the foot of mountains.

Von Hagens told the New York Times that he had set up the factory in Dalian because he had found cheap labor, eager students, few government restrictions, and easy access to Chinese bodies, which he said he primarily uses for experiments and medical research purposes, not for his exhibitions.

Next ... Unclaimed Bodies

Unclaimed Bodies

Von Hagens’s factory had easy access to Chinese bodies, according to the New York Times, because it was using what are designated under Chinese law as unclaimed bodies. Von Hagens told the New York Times that after new Chinese regulations issued in July 2006, “Now it’s difficult [to use unclaimed bodies].”

According to article 348 of the Chinese Supreme People’s Court’s judicial interpretation of China’s Criminal Procedure Law, the family of an executed criminal is supposed to be notified that the body is available to be picked up within a specified time frame.

“If the criminal’s family fails to claim the body after the specified date,” the interpretation says, “the people’s court may notify related organizations to handle the corpse or the remains.”

Article 348 in effect leaves a loophole wide open for courts and public security officials to handle as they wish any body designated unclaimed.

Peng Yongfeng used to practice law in China. He told the Sound of Hope Radio Network that article 348 has in fact given the court the right to cremate an inmate’s body, and therefore have the inmate’s organs removed before the body was cremated, without notifying the family members.

In fact, when the family members of Falun Gong practitioners have been summoned to claim the bodies of their loved ones, they have often been handed a box of ashes, according to accounts on the Falun Gong website Minghui. The families have no way of verifying whose ashes they have been given.

The circumstances of the persecution of Falun Gong make practitioners particularly vulnerable to being treated as unclaimed.

In his chapter in the book State Organs, spokesperson for the Falun Dafa Information Center Erping Zhang explained why practitioners often withhold their identities when arrested. If the identity is revealed, then the practitioner’s entire family and colleagues may be made to suffer. By withholding their identities, practitioners protect those close to them.

Unidentified practitioners are by definition “unclaimed” should they be executed, as the police have no way of contacting their family members. In addition, the family members of those who never identified themselves have no way of learning their fate, freeing authorities from the possibility of being called to account.

The police and the courts then have full latitude in how to dispose of the unclaimed body—by, for instance, selling it to the highest bidder.

Supplying Bodies

Gu discovered there were two ways to turn detained practitioners into cash. The organs could be removed and used by hospitals in Liaoning for transplantation, and the bodies could be sold to plastination factories.

Von Hagens told the New York Times that his business partner, Dr. Sui Hongjin, had established a competing factory and was supplying his competitors with plastinated bodies.

Von Hagens and Sui parted ways in 2000. Since then, several more body plastination factories have opened in Dalian, and China has acquired the notoriety of being the world’s No. 1 exporter of corpses. According to Radio Free Asia, a single plastinated body can be sold for US$1 million.

According to the Epoch Times source, Gu and Heywood were in the thick of developing this new industry. The source said they supplied the factories with the bodies of Falun Gong practitioners, which make up the bulk of the corpses supplied from Chinese sources to Dalian’s plastination factories.

Gu was the mastermind in financial management, international and domestic online advertisement, and the opening up of export channels for organ and human body trafficking, according to the source.

The Epoch Times has no information that von Hagens or other proprietors of the body plastination factories knew that the bodies supplied them, supposedly from Dalian’s medical schools, were murdered Falun Gong practitioners.

According to the Epoch Times source, Gu murdered Heywood because he had begun to talk about their dealings involving Falun Gong bodies in Dalian. The murder had nothing to do with protecting Gu’s son.

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