Study Identifies Most Common Symptoms for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19

A hospital worker cleans an ambulance outside St. Thomas' hospital in London, England, on April 1, 2020. (Justin Setterfield/Getty Images)

The most common symptoms for patients requiring hospital care for COVID-19 are cough, fever, and shortness of breath, according to a large study of patients in hospitals in the United Kingdom.

Researchers looked at 16,749 patients across 166 hospitals between Feb. 6 and April 18. That number equaled 14.7 percent of people who tested positive for the new disease and 28 percent of hospital admissions in the UK.

Seven out of 10 patients for whom symptoms were known, or 70 percent of 11,326 patients, had a cough, 69 percent had fever, and 65 percent had shortness of breath, researchers said.

They found “a high degree of overlap” between the three most common symptoms.

The next most common symptoms were: fatigue, confusion, cough (sputum), diarrhea, vomiting, myalgia, chest pain, headache, wheeze, sore throat, and abdominal pain.

A paramedic wearing stands outside of the Golden Jubilee Wing of King's College Hospital in London, UK, on April 29, 2020. (Tolga Akmen/AFP via Getty Images)

Other rarer symptoms include joint pain, runny nose, skin ulcers, rash, seizures, and ear pain.

Clusters of symptoms present when patients were admitted to hospitals include a respiratory system cluster that includes cough, sputum, and fever.

One cluster encompasses musculoskeletal symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, and myalgia, of muscle pain. Another encompasses enteric symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Four percent of patients complained of enteric symptoms alone, most who suffered such symptoms also had respiratory symptoms. Four percent of patients reported no symptoms.

The study (pdf) examined clinical information from health records. It has not yet been peer reviewed.

Medical personnel move a deceased patient to a refrigerated truck serving as makeshift morgues at Brooklyn Hospital Center in New York City on April 9, 2020. (Angela Weiss/AFP/Getty Images)

U.S. authorities for months only listed cough, fever, and shortness of breath as symptoms of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) virus, a novel coronavirus from China that causes the COVID-19 disease.

They recently added six others, some of which aren’t listed in the large UK study.

Those six are chills, repeated shaking with chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, and new loss of taste or smell.

Chinese researchers said in an article published in the New England Journal of Medicine on Thursday that the most common system seen in 1,099 patients across 552 hospitals was fever and cough. A significant number of patients developed a fever after being admitted to hospitals, the researchers said.

Gastrointestinal symptoms were uncommon in the group studied but a recent Stanford Medicine study published in Gastroenterology (pdf) found that 31.9 percent of of 116 patients admitted to Stanford facilities showed such symptoms, including loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea.