The odds of recession are slowly rising now that crude oil prices are firmly above $110 per barrel, and the Ukraine–Russia military conflict is affecting global financial and commodities markets.
In the past couple of months, stagflation had been the talk of Wall Street as analysts and economists debated the weight of rampant price inflation on growth prospects at home and abroad. But the fallout of Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine has exacerbated many of the challenges that already threatened the global economy before the pandemic.
Ballooning energy prices are expected to intensify food inflation in advanced economies and developing markets. The longer the war in Eastern Europe goes on, the greater the uncertainty, notes Peter Oppenheimer, chief global equity strategist at JPMorgan Chase.
“The difficulty when we get a shock event like this—which has so many consequences, of course humanitarian, economic, and monetary in terms of policy—the uncertainty levels go up,” he said in a research note.
The current consensus among financial analysts is that current market pressures, particularly higher consumer and producer prices, could slow U.S. economic growth this year.
“Recent inflation outturns have been higher than expected and the price outlook is uncertain. Inflation is a dynamic process and can be self-reinforcing,” Brian Coulton, chief economist at Fitch, wrote in the report. “Various factors could keep core inflation high throughout 2022. Global energy price shocks related to the Russia–Ukraine crisis exacerbate risks.”
He said that could force the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England to accelerate interest rates “to neutral or restrictive levels.” The fed funds rate could climb to 3 percent by the end of the year, he said.
Jefferies economists Aneta Markowska and Thomas Simons think “a seven-hike scenario still seems like a reasonable base case.”
Tighter credit conditions and a spike in long-term U.S. Treasury yields could take a toll on the gross domestic product (GDP), with growth projected to drop to 0.5 percent or below in 2023, Coulton said.
In the aftermath of the invasion, the U.S. growth outlook is expected to be 1.9 percent in the first quarter, up from 1.5 percent in the February study. Second-quarter GDP is projected to expand 3.5 percent, down from the previous estimate of 4.3 percent. The third and fourth quarters are slated to see GDP bumps of 3.1 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively. That’s down from last month’s forecast of 3.4 percent and 2.6 percent, respectively.
The CNBC forecasters now believe inflation will be higher than initially expected: 6.7 percent (Q1), 5.3 percent (Q2), 3.9 percent (Q3), and 3 percent (Q4).
Does this mean recession fears are overblown? No, says Tom Siomades, chief investment officer at AE Wealth Management.
“This is an almost textbook example of an energy shock accelerating the slowdown of an economy that is already in a fragile state.” he told The Epoch Times. “Add to that the inflationary pressures we have and the Fed’s limited options, and you have a perfect storm brewing.”
He also believes that the U.S. economy might experience “a dose of” stagflation and recession either later this year or in early 2023.
“After the recession, we will revert to the same growth trajectory of the Obama years—jobless recovery, anemic growth—only this time, thanks to this administration, continued elevated levels of inflation,” Siomades said.
Not everyone believes the U.S. economy could contract sometime over the next 12 to 18 months.
ING Chief International Economist James Knightley expects “a relatively benign outcome” for the United States in the next couple of years.
That said, some are going as far as calling for an economic downturn, including Pimco co-founder Bill Gross.
Larry Summers, the former U.S. Treasury secretary, said the next recession will be triggered by the Fed because it was “way behind the curve,” prompting the institution to tighten monetary policy aggressively.
However, the U.S. economy may not need to wait for a recession because it’s already here, warns Bob Bilbruck, the CEO at Captjur, a strategic and development services firm.
“We are in a recession now,” he told The Epoch Times. “A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters. In the last two quarters, global GDP has declined, and it has actually been declining since late 2020. U.S. GDP has also been declining.
“Wall Street is not talking about that because Wall Street and economics are very separate.”
Looking overseas, the chief prognostication is that the Ukraine–Russia conflict will most impact Europe because of its dependence on energy commodities.
“Soaring commodity prices and risk aversion in financial markets are the main contagion channels, implying a global stagflationary shock, with Europe being the most exposed region,” Barclays economists, led by Christian Keller, stated in a report. “While Europe looks more vulnerable than the U.S., and the U.K. is somewhere in between, China seems least exposed.”
Overall, the current economic environment could face enormous pressure by the shrinking supply of a wide range of commodities that extend beyond crude and crops.
“Oil is just one small problem,” Bilbruck said. “Rare earth material shortages are a huge issue.”
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