Chasteberry (Vitex): Its fruit contains several bioactive compounds, including monoterpenoids, labdane diterpenoids, and flavonoids, which may help reduce prolactin levels, a hormone that affects reproductive function. Through its hormonal effects, chasteberry may help reduce ovarian cyst formation and improve hormonal balance. A study published in January involving 60 women with PMOS found that daily supplementation with a chasteberry extract significantly improved antioxidant and oxidative stress markers, insulin resistance, cholesterol levels, menstrual frequency, and hirsutism compared with a placebo. There were also reductions in fasting blood sugar, LDL cholesterol, liver enzyme ALT, and ovarian volume.
Inositol: This naturally occurring sugar alcohol is found in fruits, beans, grains, and nuts. A 2023 systematic review of 26 studies involving nearly 1,700 women found inositol to be an effective alternative to metformin for managing PMOS. A 2024 meta-analysis also found it may reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during fertility treatment, with fewer side effects than metformin.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Research suggests that omega-3 supplementation may help improve several components of metabolic syndrome in women with PMOS, including blood lipids and inflammation, and may support overall metabolic health.
Berberine: This bioactive alkaloid is a natural plant compound found in barberry and Oregon grape. A 2024 meta-analysis of 10 studies involving more than 700 women with PMOS found that berberine, when used with standard medical treatment, increased endometrial thickness, improved ovulation rates, and nearly doubled clinical pregnancy rates, while helping reduce LH and total testosterone levels.
Vitamin D: About 58 percent of women with PMOS are vitamin D deficient, which can worsen insulin resistance, irregular ovulation and menstrual cycles, infertility, and increased cardiovascular risk. A meta-analysis published in January found that vitamin D supplementation modestly improved insulin resistance, reduced inflammation, and lowered testosterone levels compared with placebo.
Curcumin: In a 2021 study involving 72 women with PMOS, participants who took 500 milligrams of curcumin three times daily experienced significant reductions in fasting blood glucose and dehydroepiandrosterone levels compared with those receiving a placebo, suggesting benefits for metabolic and hormonal aspects of PMOS.

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