New Cold War: Gorbachev Warns World of Potential Russia-US Conflict

New Cold War: Gorbachev Warns World of Potential Russia-US Conflict
Pro-Russia rebels ride on a tank in the town of Krasnodon, eastern Ukraine, Aug. 17, 2014. On Thursday the presence of invading Russian forces inside Ukraine was confirmed. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits)
Jack Phillips
11/9/2014
Updated:
11/9/2014

BERLIN (AP) — Tensions between the major powers have pushed the world closer to a new Cold War, former Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev said Saturday.

The 83-year-old accused the West, particularly the United States, of giving in to “triumphalism” after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the communist bloc a quarter century ago. The result, he said, could partly be seen in the inability of global powers to prevent or resolve conflicts in Yugoslavia, the Middle East and most recently Ukraine.

“The world is on the brink of a new Cold War. Some are even saying that it’s already begun,” Gorbachev said at an event marking the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, close to the city’s iconic Brandenburg Gate.

Gorbachev called for trust to be restored through dialogue with Moscow, and suggested the West should lift sanctions imposed against senior Russian officials over the country’s support for separatist rebels in eastern Ukraine. Failure to achieve security in Europe would make the continent irrelevant in world affairs, he said.

Gorbachev’s comments echoed those of Roland Dumas, France’s foreign minister at the time the Berlin Wall fell.

“Without freedom between nations, without respect of one nation to another, and without strong and brave disarmament policy, everything could start over again tomorrow,” Dumas said. “Even everything we used to know, and what we called the Cold War.”

President Barack Obama appeared to share some of Gorbachev’s concerns for Europe, though he blamed Moscow for the current tensions.

Paying tribute to the East Berliners who pushed past border guards to flood through the Wall on Nov. 9, 1989, Obama said in a statement Friday that “as Russia’s actions against Ukraine remind us, we have more work to do to fully realize our shared vision of a Europe that is whole, free and at peace.”

Former Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev and former French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas greet each others at the symposium "New Policy Forum" against the cold war in Berlin, Germany, Saturday, Nov. 8, 2014. The symposium was organized on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall. (AP Photo/dpa, Jens Kalaene)
Former Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev and former French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas greet each others at the symposium "New Policy Forum" against the cold war in Berlin, Germany, Saturday, Nov. 8, 2014. The symposium was organized on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall. (AP Photo/dpa, Jens Kalaene)

5 things to know about the Berlin Wall 

BERLIN (AP) — The Berlin Wall fell 25 years ago on Sunday, a key event in the collapse of communism and the preface to Germany’s reunification in 1990.

The anniversary is being celebrated in Berlin with concerts, speeches and the release in the evening of thousands of balloons illuminating a 15-kilometer (nine-mile) stretch of the former Cold War barrier.

Here are five things to know about the Berlin Wall:

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PROTECTION AGAINST ‘FASCISM’

At 1 a.m. on Aug. 13, 1961, East Germany sealed off the border between the Soviet-controlled eastern sector of Berlin and the western sectors controlled by the Allies.

Over the following weeks, workers erected a 155-kilometer (96-mile) barrier encircling West Berlin. The Wall itself — up to 3.6 meters (12 feet) high — was merely the outermost part of a heavily fortified strip that variously included barbed wire, metal fences, guard towers, hidden alarms and dog walkways.

Communist leader Walter Ulbricht called it an “anti-fascist protective wall,” though in reality its purpose was to stop the flood of people leaving for the West.

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GREAT ESCAPES

Despite the formidable obstacle and threat of stiff punishment if caught, thousands of people tried to escape by tunneling under, swimming past, climbing or flying over the wall.

Many took advantage of Berlin’s extensive sewer and subway network. Others used fake passports made out to West Germans, who were allowed to visit East Berlin.

Some dug their own tunnels, often with help from people on the other side. In one case, an entire family escaped using a home-made cable car.

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WALL OF DEATH

At least 138 people, including several children, lost their lives along the Cold War barrier, according to the latest research by the Berlin Wall Foundation.

Some were shot by East German border guards, others drowned in the chilly river Spree.

One of the last to die was Chris Gueffroy. The 20-year-old was shot dead nine months before the fall of the Wall.

Crosses now mark many of the locations where people died trying to reach freedom.

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REAGAN SPEECH

During its 28-year existence, the Wall served as a symbol for communist oppression.

Western leaders, including U.S. President John F. Kennedy, often had a stop at the Wall when they visited Berlin.

The ominous, grey concrete barrier served as the backdrop for U.S. President Ronald Reagan’s call in 1987 to then-Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to “tear down this wall!”

Gorbachev later claimed not to have taken the dramatic appeal seriously, calling it a “performance” by the one-time Hollywood actor. But the speech, like Kennedy’s famous line about considering himself “a Berliner,” helped keep up morale in the western part of the city.

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WALL'S FALL

On the evening of Nov. 9, 1989, West German television broadcast the news that communist authorities had decided to lift travel restrictions and allow East Germans to travel more or less freely.

The reports were based on a confusing announcement by a senior East German official who had failed to spell out various caveats to the new policy. Before the communist authorities could set the record straight, thousands of East Berliners had pushed their way past perplexed border guards to celebrate freedom with their brethren in the West.

The communist dictatorship was swept away within months. On Oct. 3, 1990, East and West Germany became one country again.

Jack Phillips is a breaking news reporter with 15 years experience who started as a local New York City reporter. Having joined The Epoch Times' news team in 2009, Jack was born and raised near Modesto in California's Central Valley. Follow him on X: https://twitter.com/jackphillips5
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