BEIJING—China’s ruling Communist Party announced Thursday that the country will start allowing all married couples to have two children, abolishing an unpopular policy that has limited many urban families to only one child for more than three decades.
The decision is the most significant easing of family-planning policies that were long considered some of the party’s most onerous intrusions into family life and had been gradually relaxed in recent years. The restrictions led to an imbalanced sex ratio because of a traditional preference for boys, and draconian enforcement that sometimes included forced abortions.
The news elated 36-year-old Su Weihua in Guangzhou, who said she now plans to get pregnant next year and is eager for her 8-year-old daughter to have a sibling.
“I have looked forward to this for so many years—even had dreams about it! I cried every time when I woke up and realized it wasn’t yet true. I thought it was so unfair,” Su said. “I do not care if the second child is a boy or a girl, at my age, as long as he or she is healthy.”
A statement from the party’s Central Committee carried by the official Xinhua News Agency said the decision to allow all couples to have two children was “to improve the balanced development of population” and to deal with an aging population. Xinhua said the proposal must be approved by the top legislature before it is enacted, which is essentially a formality. It gave no indication of when that would happen.
The move may not spur a huge baby boom in part because fertility rates are believed to be declining even without the policy’s enforcement. Previous easings of the one-child policy have spurred fewer births than expected, and many people among China’s younger generations see smaller family sizes as ideal.
Real estate agent Zhang Linghui reacted to the news in downtown Beijing by saying the policy change was a “sign of respect toward the people.”
“You should be able to choose how many kids to have,” she said.
The statement followed the panel’s meeting this week to chart the country’s economic and social development through 2020. In recent years, it has been unusual for such plenary sessions to result in major decisions. They generally focus on economic topics and there was no indication that this one would take action on the one-child policy.
China, which has the world’s largest population at 1.4 billion people, introduced the one-child policy in 1979 as a temporary measure to curb a then-surging population and limit the demands for water and other resources. Soon after it was implemented, rural couples were allowed two children if their firstborn was a girl. Ethnic minorities are also allowed more than one child.
Chinese families with a strong preference for boys have sometimes resorted to aborting female fetuses, a practice which has upset the ratio of male to female babies. The imbalance makes it difficult for some men to find wives, and is believed to fuel the trafficking of women as brides.
