You’ve probably heard a story or two about someone who lived past 100. Perhaps you have a wise-cracking great-grandfather. Or maybe you heard about that WWII veteran who ate ice cream and smoked cigars every day.
According to a new study, one secret to a long life might be wholly unrelated to what we eat or how much we exercise: our optimism.
Researchers examined long-term surveys of more than 69,000 women and 1,400 men. Both groups reported how optimistic they were: whether they expected good or bad things to happen to them in the future, and if they felt in control of important aspects of their life. The women averaged 70 years old and were followed for 10 years; the men averaged 62 years old and were followed for 30 years. Both groups were predominantly white.
Who was still alive by the end of the study? As it turns out, more optimistic people tended to have a longer lifespan. The most optimistic survived 10-15 percent longer than the least optimistic. (In comparison, people who avoided heart attacks survived 16-18 percent longer than those who had one.) The most optimistic also had a better chance of living to age 85—perhaps not as impressive as the fabled centenarians, but that’s still considered “exceptional longevity.”
Similar patterns held even after accounting for other factors that could have influenced their optimism and survival, such as their socioeconomic status, how healthy they were to begin with, and whether they were depressed.
“Optimism may be an important psychosocial resource in promoting healthy aging,” the researchers write.
Why is optimism a survival skill? For one, it might motivate us to take better care of ourselves. That’s one way to interpret another finding in the study: The link between optimism and longer life got weaker after accounting for the healthy behaviors that people engaged in, like eating well, exercising, not smoking, and getting regular medical checkups.
“Optimistic individuals tend to have goals and the confidence to reach them; thus, optimism may foster health-promoting habits,” the researchers write. Optimists may be more engaged with self-improvement and ready to tackle obstacles they encounter on the road to good health.
If your glass is half full, you might also be better at coping with stress and negative emotions so they don’t get under your skin and compromise your health. Indeed, optimistic people do tend to look healthier on a variety of biological tests.
While previous studies have found that optimists are protected against premature death, this is the first to examine the “exceptional longevity” that people strive for. And it complements other research suggesting that happy people—people who demonstrate more positive emotions or are more satisfied with life—may also live longer.
These findings might not seem like good news to those of us who aren’t natural optimists. But perhaps that’s my knee-jerk pessimism talking. Luckily, research suggests that optimism is something we can cultivate—by practicing gratitude, envisioning our “best possible self,” or doing certain types of therapy. And that makes the future look a little bit rosier.
Kira M. Newman is the managing editor at the Greater Good Science Center. This article was originally published on the Greater Good online magazine.
