Dear EarthTalk: Everybody says stop using plastic bags, but what about all the plastic, cellophane, cardboard, and other materials used for packaging the food itself? What can we do to reduce how much of this unnecessary stuff comes wrapped around our food?—Sunil Sreedharan, Mumbai, India
Yes, food packaging is a big problem in North America as well as elsewhere around the world, with landfills filling up and recyclers facing a glut of materials to process. It's hard to say just how much of the 130 million tons of paper, plastic, and metals that get tossed or sorted for recycling in major U.S. cities is from food packaging, but the percentage is no doubt sizable.
The main problem is in the psychology of marketing: Manufacturers know that products in big flashy-looking packages attract more buyers.
A 1994 European Union directive requires companies operating in its 27 member nations to take back and recycle (or otherwise deal with—taking the burden off of local communities) at least 60 percent of their packaging waste, including that used for food items.
But no such "producer pays" laws, which provide incentive for manufacturers to cut back on waste to begin with, exist in the United States or Canada. As such, it falls to consumers to patronize stores and manufacturers that minimize packaging.
One way to take a bite out of packaging is to buy as much in bulk as your family can keep up with. It may take longer to get through that gigantic box of cereal you got at Costco, but think of all the cardboard and plastic your bulk purchase saved over buying several small boxes.
Similarly, instead of sending the kids off to school every day with a new juice box in the lunch bag, how about a safe metal or plastic, reusable, washable container that you can refill each morning from the gallon jug you keep in the fridge?
Another way to forego packaging is to reduce time spent in large supermarkets where wasteful product packaging rules. Most natural foods stores have large bulk-buying sections so you can haul away in large paper or plastic bags the equivalent of many containers of beans, pastas, rice, or other staples.
Frequenting local farmers' markets—armed with your reusable shopping tote, of course—is another way to keep food packaging out of your home. The Web site Local Harvest offers a free searchable database of farms across the United States that run Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs and participate in farmers' markets.
It's worth noting that we tend to toss way too much food packaging when a quick rinse would make the same cans, jars, and jugs useful storage containers or quality recycling fodder. Soup cans, for example, can easily be recycled into new steel and are collected universally by municipal recycling programs.
And while you're buying soup, opt for the family-size cans and save leftovers instead of buying single-serving containers. Even when packaging material is recyclable, there's no reason to waste it, as even recycling uses resources and costs money.
Beyond shopping and sorting more responsibly, individuals also have the power of their voices to pressure food makers to cut back on packaging. You can also try to persuade your elected officials to look into the feasibility of enacting "producer pays" laws in your community, city, or state. And you can talk to co-workers, friends, relatives, and others about the importance of buying in bulk and reducing waste.
Contacts: European Union Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive; Local Harvest.
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