The most literate large city in the United States is Washington, D.C., according to annual rankings released by Central Connecticut State University on Thursday. The least literate was the Central California city of Bakersfield.

The rankings have been done for the past nine years by the university, which factors in library and Internet resources, as well as the circulation of newspapers, magazines, and journals.

This is the second year Washington, D.C., was ranked atop the survey’s list. The survey then ranked Seattle, Minneapolis, Atlanta, and Boston as the most literate. New York City was ranked 22nd.

The survey “demonstrates that if cities are truly committed to literacy, they can find a way past poverty and other socio-cultural challenges to create and sustain rich resources for reading,” stated Dr. Jack Miller, the president of the University.

Other than Bakersfield, the survey’s least literate cities were Stockton and Fresno, which are both in California, followed by El Paso and Corpus Christi, which are both in Texas.